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You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review

The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in the host, including those involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Moszak, Małgorzata, Szulińska, Monika, Bogdański, Paweł
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32326604
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041096
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author Moszak, Małgorzata
Szulińska, Monika
Bogdański, Paweł
author_facet Moszak, Małgorzata
Szulińska, Monika
Bogdański, Paweł
author_sort Moszak, Małgorzata
collection PubMed
description The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in the host, including those involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. The relationship between alterations in intestinal microbiota and diseases associated with civilization is well documented. GM dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders. Multiple factors modulate the composition of the microbiota and how it physically functions, but one of the major factors triggering GM establishment is diet. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge about the relationship between nutrition, gut microbiota, and host metabolic status. We described how macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fat) and different dietary patterns (e.g., Western-style diet, vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet) interact with the composition and activity of GM, and how gut bacterial dysbiosis has an influence on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia.
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spelling pubmed-72308502020-05-22 You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review Moszak, Małgorzata Szulińska, Monika Bogdański, Paweł Nutrients Review The gut microbiota (GM) is defined as the community of microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses) colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. GM regulates various metabolic pathways in the host, including those involved in energy homeostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. The relationship between alterations in intestinal microbiota and diseases associated with civilization is well documented. GM dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders. Multiple factors modulate the composition of the microbiota and how it physically functions, but one of the major factors triggering GM establishment is diet. In this paper, we reviewed the current knowledge about the relationship between nutrition, gut microbiota, and host metabolic status. We described how macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, fat) and different dietary patterns (e.g., Western-style diet, vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet) interact with the composition and activity of GM, and how gut bacterial dysbiosis has an influence on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. MDPI 2020-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7230850/ /pubmed/32326604 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041096 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Moszak, Małgorzata
Szulińska, Monika
Bogdański, Paweł
You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review
title You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review
title_full You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review
title_fullStr You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review
title_full_unstemmed You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review
title_short You Are What You Eat—The Relationship between Diet, Microbiota, and Metabolic Disorders—A Review
title_sort you are what you eat—the relationship between diet, microbiota, and metabolic disorders—a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7230850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32326604
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041096
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