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Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells

The composition of microbiota and the content and pattern of bioactive compounds (biogenic amines, polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavanols), as well as pH, color, antioxidant and reducing properties were investigated in fermented Criollo cocoa beans and shells. The analyses were conducted after ferm...

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Autores principales: Delgado-Ospina, Johannes, Di Mattia, Carla Daniela, Paparella, Antonello, Mastrocola, Dino, Martuscelli, Maria, Chaves-Lopez, Clemencia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7231058/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32326283
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040520
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author Delgado-Ospina, Johannes
Di Mattia, Carla Daniela
Paparella, Antonello
Mastrocola, Dino
Martuscelli, Maria
Chaves-Lopez, Clemencia
author_facet Delgado-Ospina, Johannes
Di Mattia, Carla Daniela
Paparella, Antonello
Mastrocola, Dino
Martuscelli, Maria
Chaves-Lopez, Clemencia
author_sort Delgado-Ospina, Johannes
collection PubMed
description The composition of microbiota and the content and pattern of bioactive compounds (biogenic amines, polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavanols), as well as pH, color, antioxidant and reducing properties were investigated in fermented Criollo cocoa beans and shells. The analyses were conducted after fermentation and drying (T1) and after two thermal roasting processes (T2, 120 °C for 22 min; T3, 135 °C for 15 min). The fermentation and drying practices affected the microbiota of beans and shells, explaining the great variability of biogenic amines (BAs) content. Enterobacteriaceae were counted in a few samples with average values of 10(3) colony forming units per gram (CFU g(−1)), mainly in the shell, while Lactobacillus spp. was observed in almost all the samples, with the highest count in the shell with average values of 10(4) CFU g(−1). After T1, the total BAs content was found to be in a range of 4.9÷127.1 mg kg(−1)(DFW); what was remarkable was the presence of cadaverine and histamine, which have not been reported previously in fermented cocoa beans. The total BAs content increased 60% after thermal treatment T2, and of 21% after processing at T3, with a strong correlation (p < 0.05) for histamine (ß = 0.75) and weakly correlated for spermidine (ß = 0.58), spermine (ß = 0.50), cadaverine (ß = 0.47) and serotonine (ß = 0.40). The roasting treatment of T3 caused serotonin degradation (average decrease of 93%) with respect to unroasted samples. However, BAs were detected in a non-alarming concentration (e.g., histamine: n.d ÷ 59.8 mg kg(−1)(DFW); tyramine: n.d. ÷ 26.5 mg kg(−1)(DFW)). Change in BAs level was evaluated by principal component analysis. PC1 and PC2 explained 84.9% and 4.5% of data variance, respectively. Antioxidant and reducing properties, polyphenol content and BAs negatively influenced PC1 with both polyphenols and BA increasing during roasting, whereas PC1 was positively influenced by anthocyanins, catechin and epicatechin.
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spelling pubmed-72310582020-05-22 Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells Delgado-Ospina, Johannes Di Mattia, Carla Daniela Paparella, Antonello Mastrocola, Dino Martuscelli, Maria Chaves-Lopez, Clemencia Foods Article The composition of microbiota and the content and pattern of bioactive compounds (biogenic amines, polyphenols, anthocyanins and flavanols), as well as pH, color, antioxidant and reducing properties were investigated in fermented Criollo cocoa beans and shells. The analyses were conducted after fermentation and drying (T1) and after two thermal roasting processes (T2, 120 °C for 22 min; T3, 135 °C for 15 min). The fermentation and drying practices affected the microbiota of beans and shells, explaining the great variability of biogenic amines (BAs) content. Enterobacteriaceae were counted in a few samples with average values of 10(3) colony forming units per gram (CFU g(−1)), mainly in the shell, while Lactobacillus spp. was observed in almost all the samples, with the highest count in the shell with average values of 10(4) CFU g(−1). After T1, the total BAs content was found to be in a range of 4.9÷127.1 mg kg(−1)(DFW); what was remarkable was the presence of cadaverine and histamine, which have not been reported previously in fermented cocoa beans. The total BAs content increased 60% after thermal treatment T2, and of 21% after processing at T3, with a strong correlation (p < 0.05) for histamine (ß = 0.75) and weakly correlated for spermidine (ß = 0.58), spermine (ß = 0.50), cadaverine (ß = 0.47) and serotonine (ß = 0.40). The roasting treatment of T3 caused serotonin degradation (average decrease of 93%) with respect to unroasted samples. However, BAs were detected in a non-alarming concentration (e.g., histamine: n.d ÷ 59.8 mg kg(−1)(DFW); tyramine: n.d. ÷ 26.5 mg kg(−1)(DFW)). Change in BAs level was evaluated by principal component analysis. PC1 and PC2 explained 84.9% and 4.5% of data variance, respectively. Antioxidant and reducing properties, polyphenol content and BAs negatively influenced PC1 with both polyphenols and BA increasing during roasting, whereas PC1 was positively influenced by anthocyanins, catechin and epicatechin. MDPI 2020-04-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7231058/ /pubmed/32326283 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040520 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Delgado-Ospina, Johannes
Di Mattia, Carla Daniela
Paparella, Antonello
Mastrocola, Dino
Martuscelli, Maria
Chaves-Lopez, Clemencia
Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells
title Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells
title_full Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells
title_fullStr Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells
title_short Effect of Fermentation, Drying and Roasting on Biogenic Amines and Other Biocompounds in Colombian Criollo Cocoa Beans and Shells
title_sort effect of fermentation, drying and roasting on biogenic amines and other biocompounds in colombian criollo cocoa beans and shells
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7231058/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32326283
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040520
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