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Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study
Being rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is thought to be able to decrease lipid levels and dampen inflammation. In this pilot study, we aimed to determine whether flaxseed supplementation could improve the profiles of lipids and inflammatory mediators in patients...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7231079/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32325781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041137 |
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author | Kanikowska, Dominika Korybalska, Katarzyna Mickiewicz, Agnieszka Rutkowski, Rafał Kuchta, Agnieszka Sato, Maki Kreft, Ewelina Fijałkowski, Marcin Gruchała, Marcin Jankowski, Maciej Bręborowicz, Andrzej Witowski, Janusz |
author_facet | Kanikowska, Dominika Korybalska, Katarzyna Mickiewicz, Agnieszka Rutkowski, Rafał Kuchta, Agnieszka Sato, Maki Kreft, Ewelina Fijałkowski, Marcin Gruchała, Marcin Jankowski, Maciej Bręborowicz, Andrzej Witowski, Janusz |
author_sort | Kanikowska, Dominika |
collection | PubMed |
description | Being rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is thought to be able to decrease lipid levels and dampen inflammation. In this pilot study, we aimed to determine whether flaxseed supplementation could improve the profiles of lipids and inflammatory mediators in patients with severe hyperlipidemia resistant to conventional lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy and requiring lipoprotein apheresis. To this end, six patients received, blindly—in addition to their normal lipoprotein apheresis regimen—a 10-week dietary supplementation with flaxseed (28 g/d) administered in biscuits. This was followed by a 10-week washed out-period and a 10-week supplementation phase with whole wheat placebo. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase, before the lipoprotein apheresis session. The primary endpoint was the lipid profile and the secondary endpoints were the concentrations of inflammatory mediators and tolerability. Flaxseed supplementation was well-tolerated and resulted in a consistent and significant decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The median (and range) percentage decrease was 11.5% (0–18.8) and 7.3% (4.4–26.6), for cholesterol (p = 0.015) and LDL-C (p = 0.003), respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant effect of flaxseed on lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations. These observations indicate that flaxseed can produce a cholesterol- and LDL-lowering effect in patients treated with lipoprotein apheresis. Thus, flaxseed supplementation may help to control cholesterol in this patient population. The flaxseed supplementation protocol applied may be of use for further adequately-powered studies to validate and extend our findings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7231079 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72310792020-05-22 Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study Kanikowska, Dominika Korybalska, Katarzyna Mickiewicz, Agnieszka Rutkowski, Rafał Kuchta, Agnieszka Sato, Maki Kreft, Ewelina Fijałkowski, Marcin Gruchała, Marcin Jankowski, Maciej Bręborowicz, Andrzej Witowski, Janusz Nutrients Article Being rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is thought to be able to decrease lipid levels and dampen inflammation. In this pilot study, we aimed to determine whether flaxseed supplementation could improve the profiles of lipids and inflammatory mediators in patients with severe hyperlipidemia resistant to conventional lipid-lowering pharmacotherapy and requiring lipoprotein apheresis. To this end, six patients received, blindly—in addition to their normal lipoprotein apheresis regimen—a 10-week dietary supplementation with flaxseed (28 g/d) administered in biscuits. This was followed by a 10-week washed out-period and a 10-week supplementation phase with whole wheat placebo. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase, before the lipoprotein apheresis session. The primary endpoint was the lipid profile and the secondary endpoints were the concentrations of inflammatory mediators and tolerability. Flaxseed supplementation was well-tolerated and resulted in a consistent and significant decrease in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. The median (and range) percentage decrease was 11.5% (0–18.8) and 7.3% (4.4–26.6), for cholesterol (p = 0.015) and LDL-C (p = 0.003), respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant effect of flaxseed on lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations. These observations indicate that flaxseed can produce a cholesterol- and LDL-lowering effect in patients treated with lipoprotein apheresis. Thus, flaxseed supplementation may help to control cholesterol in this patient population. The flaxseed supplementation protocol applied may be of use for further adequately-powered studies to validate and extend our findings. MDPI 2020-04-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7231079/ /pubmed/32325781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041137 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kanikowska, Dominika Korybalska, Katarzyna Mickiewicz, Agnieszka Rutkowski, Rafał Kuchta, Agnieszka Sato, Maki Kreft, Ewelina Fijałkowski, Marcin Gruchała, Marcin Jankowski, Maciej Bręborowicz, Andrzej Witowski, Janusz Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study |
title | Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study |
title_full | Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study |
title_fullStr | Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study |
title_short | Flaxseed (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Supplementation in Patients Undergoing Lipoprotein Apheresis for Severe Hyperlipidemia—A Pilot Study |
title_sort | flaxseed (linum usitatissimum l.) supplementation in patients undergoing lipoprotein apheresis for severe hyperlipidemia—a pilot study |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7231079/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32325781 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041137 |
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