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Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are often trace element (TE)-tolerant fungi and are abundant in TE-polluted environments. The production of melanin, a black polymer found in cell walls, was hypothesized by several authors to play a role in the TE tolerance of DSEs. To test this hypothesis, we establi...

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Autores principales: Berthelot, Charlotte, Zegeye, Asfaw, Gaber, Dalia A., Chalot, Michel, Franken, Philipp, Kovács, Gábor M., Leyval, Corinne, Blaudez, Damien
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232325/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276491
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040537
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author Berthelot, Charlotte
Zegeye, Asfaw
Gaber, Dalia A.
Chalot, Michel
Franken, Philipp
Kovács, Gábor M.
Leyval, Corinne
Blaudez, Damien
author_facet Berthelot, Charlotte
Zegeye, Asfaw
Gaber, Dalia A.
Chalot, Michel
Franken, Philipp
Kovács, Gábor M.
Leyval, Corinne
Blaudez, Damien
author_sort Berthelot, Charlotte
collection PubMed
description Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are often trace element (TE)-tolerant fungi and are abundant in TE-polluted environments. The production of melanin, a black polymer found in cell walls, was hypothesized by several authors to play a role in the TE tolerance of DSEs. To test this hypothesis, we established a series of experiments using albino strains and melanin inhibitors and examined the responses to Cd and Zn. Six DSEs belonging to genera Cadophora sp., Leptodontidium sp. and Phialophora mustea, were evaluated. The strains mainly produced 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin whereas 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin melanin was also synthetized. Cd and Zn decreased melanin synthesis in most of the strains. A reduction in melanin concentration in hyphae through the use of tricyclazole, an inhibitor of DHN-melanin synthesis, did not reduce the tolerance of the strains to Cd and Zn. Similarly, albino mutants of Leptodontidium sp. were not more sensitive to Cd and Zn than the WT strain. Moreover, tricyclazole-treated colonies accumulated less Cd but more Zn compared to untreated colonies. The Cd and Zn contents of Leptodontidium albino strains were variable and similar to that of the WT. The results suggest that melanin production is not an important functional trait that contributes to Cd and Zn tolerance, but might contribute to Cd accumulation.
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spelling pubmed-72323252020-05-22 Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species Berthelot, Charlotte Zegeye, Asfaw Gaber, Dalia A. Chalot, Michel Franken, Philipp Kovács, Gábor M. Leyval, Corinne Blaudez, Damien Microorganisms Article Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) are often trace element (TE)-tolerant fungi and are abundant in TE-polluted environments. The production of melanin, a black polymer found in cell walls, was hypothesized by several authors to play a role in the TE tolerance of DSEs. To test this hypothesis, we established a series of experiments using albino strains and melanin inhibitors and examined the responses to Cd and Zn. Six DSEs belonging to genera Cadophora sp., Leptodontidium sp. and Phialophora mustea, were evaluated. The strains mainly produced 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin whereas 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanin melanin was also synthetized. Cd and Zn decreased melanin synthesis in most of the strains. A reduction in melanin concentration in hyphae through the use of tricyclazole, an inhibitor of DHN-melanin synthesis, did not reduce the tolerance of the strains to Cd and Zn. Similarly, albino mutants of Leptodontidium sp. were not more sensitive to Cd and Zn than the WT strain. Moreover, tricyclazole-treated colonies accumulated less Cd but more Zn compared to untreated colonies. The Cd and Zn contents of Leptodontidium albino strains were variable and similar to that of the WT. The results suggest that melanin production is not an important functional trait that contributes to Cd and Zn tolerance, but might contribute to Cd accumulation. MDPI 2020-04-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7232325/ /pubmed/32276491 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040537 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Berthelot, Charlotte
Zegeye, Asfaw
Gaber, Dalia A.
Chalot, Michel
Franken, Philipp
Kovács, Gábor M.
Leyval, Corinne
Blaudez, Damien
Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species
title Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species
title_full Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species
title_fullStr Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species
title_full_unstemmed Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species
title_short Unravelling the Role of Melanin in Cd and Zn Tolerance and Accumulation of Three Dark Septate Endophytic Species
title_sort unravelling the role of melanin in cd and zn tolerance and accumulation of three dark septate endophytic species
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232325/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32276491
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040537
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