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Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda

The emergence of commercial fish farming has stimulated the establishment of fish feed factories in Uganda. However, no information is available on the safety of the feed, mainly due to lack of mycotoxin testing facilities and weak regulatory systems. A study was carried out to examine fungal coloni...

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Autores principales: Namulawa, Victoria Tibenda, Mutiga, Samuel, Musimbi, Fred, Akello, Sundy, Ngángá, Fredrick, Kago, Leah, Kyallo, Martina, Harvey, Jagger, Ghimire, Sita
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32272644
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040233
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author Namulawa, Victoria Tibenda
Mutiga, Samuel
Musimbi, Fred
Akello, Sundy
Ngángá, Fredrick
Kago, Leah
Kyallo, Martina
Harvey, Jagger
Ghimire, Sita
author_facet Namulawa, Victoria Tibenda
Mutiga, Samuel
Musimbi, Fred
Akello, Sundy
Ngángá, Fredrick
Kago, Leah
Kyallo, Martina
Harvey, Jagger
Ghimire, Sita
author_sort Namulawa, Victoria Tibenda
collection PubMed
description The emergence of commercial fish farming has stimulated the establishment of fish feed factories in Uganda. However, no information is available on the safety of the feed, mainly due to lack of mycotoxin testing facilities and weak regulatory systems. A study was carried out to examine fungal colonization and mycotoxin contamination in fish feed samples (n = 147) of different types collected from nine fish farms (n = 81) and seven fish feed factories (n = 66) in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). Fungi were isolated in potato dextrose agar, grouped into morphotypes and representative isolates from each morphotype were identified based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA sequences. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) and total fumonisin (combinations of B(1), B(2) and B(3); hereinafter named fumonisin) levels in feed samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A wide range of fungi, including toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides, were isolated from the fish feed samples. AFB(1) was detected in 48% of the factory samples and in 63% of the farm samples, with toxin levels <40 and >400 µg/kg, respectively. Similarly, 31% of the factory samples and 29% of the farm samples had fumonisin contamination ranging between 0.1 and 4.06 mg/kg. Pellets and powder had higher mycotoxin contamination compared to other commercially available fish feed types. This study shows AFB(1) as a potential fish feed safety issue in the LVB and suggests a need for more research on mycotoxin residues in fish fillets.
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spelling pubmed-72323512020-05-22 Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda Namulawa, Victoria Tibenda Mutiga, Samuel Musimbi, Fred Akello, Sundy Ngángá, Fredrick Kago, Leah Kyallo, Martina Harvey, Jagger Ghimire, Sita Toxins (Basel) Article The emergence of commercial fish farming has stimulated the establishment of fish feed factories in Uganda. However, no information is available on the safety of the feed, mainly due to lack of mycotoxin testing facilities and weak regulatory systems. A study was carried out to examine fungal colonization and mycotoxin contamination in fish feed samples (n = 147) of different types collected from nine fish farms (n = 81) and seven fish feed factories (n = 66) in the Lake Victoria Basin (LVB). Fungi were isolated in potato dextrose agar, grouped into morphotypes and representative isolates from each morphotype were identified based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA sequences. Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) and total fumonisin (combinations of B(1), B(2) and B(3); hereinafter named fumonisin) levels in feed samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A wide range of fungi, including toxigenic Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides, were isolated from the fish feed samples. AFB(1) was detected in 48% of the factory samples and in 63% of the farm samples, with toxin levels <40 and >400 µg/kg, respectively. Similarly, 31% of the factory samples and 29% of the farm samples had fumonisin contamination ranging between 0.1 and 4.06 mg/kg. Pellets and powder had higher mycotoxin contamination compared to other commercially available fish feed types. This study shows AFB(1) as a potential fish feed safety issue in the LVB and suggests a need for more research on mycotoxin residues in fish fillets. MDPI 2020-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7232351/ /pubmed/32272644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040233 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Namulawa, Victoria Tibenda
Mutiga, Samuel
Musimbi, Fred
Akello, Sundy
Ngángá, Fredrick
Kago, Leah
Kyallo, Martina
Harvey, Jagger
Ghimire, Sita
Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
title Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
title_full Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
title_fullStr Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
title_short Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Fish Feed from the Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
title_sort assessment of fungal contamination in fish feed from the lake victoria basin, uganda
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232351/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32272644
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040233
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