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Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract
Neuroinflammation is involved in various neurological diseases. Activated microglia secrete many pro-inflammatory factors and induce neuronal cell death. Thus, the inhibition of excessive proinflammatory activity of microglia leads to a therapeutic effect that alleviates the progression of neuronal...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040261 |
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author | Gupta, Deepak Prasad Park, Sung Hee Yang, Hyun-Jeong Suk, Kyoungho Song, Gyun Jee |
author_facet | Gupta, Deepak Prasad Park, Sung Hee Yang, Hyun-Jeong Suk, Kyoungho Song, Gyun Jee |
author_sort | Gupta, Deepak Prasad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Neuroinflammation is involved in various neurological diseases. Activated microglia secrete many pro-inflammatory factors and induce neuronal cell death. Thus, the inhibition of excessive proinflammatory activity of microglia leads to a therapeutic effect that alleviates the progression of neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of Croton tiglium (C. tiglium) Linn. extract (CTE) on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in microglia and astrocytes via RT-PCR, Western blot, and nitric oxide assay. Neurotoxicity was measured by cell viability assay and GFP image analysis. Phagocytosis of microglia was measured using fluorescent zymosan particles. CTE significantly inhibited the production of neurotoxic inflammatory factors, including nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, CTE increased the production of the neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the M2 phenotype of microglia. The culture medium retained after CTE treatment increased the survival of neurons, thereby indicating the neuroprotective effect of CTE. Our findings indicated that CTE inhibited pro-inflammatory response and increased the neuroprotective ability of microglia. In conclusion, although CTE is known to be a poisonous plant and listed on the FDA poisonous plant database, it can be used as a medicine if the amount is properly controlled. Our results suggested the potential benefits of CTE as a therapeutic agent for different neurodegenerative disorders involving neuroinflammation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7232518 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72325182020-05-22 Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract Gupta, Deepak Prasad Park, Sung Hee Yang, Hyun-Jeong Suk, Kyoungho Song, Gyun Jee Toxins (Basel) Article Neuroinflammation is involved in various neurological diseases. Activated microglia secrete many pro-inflammatory factors and induce neuronal cell death. Thus, the inhibition of excessive proinflammatory activity of microglia leads to a therapeutic effect that alleviates the progression of neuronal degeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of Croton tiglium (C. tiglium) Linn. extract (CTE) on the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in microglia and astrocytes via RT-PCR, Western blot, and nitric oxide assay. Neurotoxicity was measured by cell viability assay and GFP image analysis. Phagocytosis of microglia was measured using fluorescent zymosan particles. CTE significantly inhibited the production of neurotoxic inflammatory factors, including nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-α. In addition, CTE increased the production of the neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and the M2 phenotype of microglia. The culture medium retained after CTE treatment increased the survival of neurons, thereby indicating the neuroprotective effect of CTE. Our findings indicated that CTE inhibited pro-inflammatory response and increased the neuroprotective ability of microglia. In conclusion, although CTE is known to be a poisonous plant and listed on the FDA poisonous plant database, it can be used as a medicine if the amount is properly controlled. Our results suggested the potential benefits of CTE as a therapeutic agent for different neurodegenerative disorders involving neuroinflammation. MDPI 2020-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7232518/ /pubmed/32316571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040261 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gupta, Deepak Prasad Park, Sung Hee Yang, Hyun-Jeong Suk, Kyoungho Song, Gyun Jee Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract |
title | Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract |
title_full | Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract |
title_fullStr | Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract |
title_short | Neuroprotective and Anti—Neuroinflammatory Effects of a Poisonous Plant Croton tiglium Linn. Extract |
title_sort | neuroprotective and anti—neuroinflammatory effects of a poisonous plant croton tiglium linn. extract |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232518/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316571 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040261 |
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