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Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging

Reasoning requires initial encoding of the semantic association between premises or assumptions, retrieval of these semantic associations from memory, and recombination of information to draw a logical conclusion. Currently-held beliefs can interfere with the content of the assumptions if not congru...

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Autores principales: Ziaei, Maryam, Bonyadi, Mohammad Reza, Reutens, David C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32477096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00111
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author Ziaei, Maryam
Bonyadi, Mohammad Reza
Reutens, David C.
author_facet Ziaei, Maryam
Bonyadi, Mohammad Reza
Reutens, David C.
author_sort Ziaei, Maryam
collection PubMed
description Reasoning requires initial encoding of the semantic association between premises or assumptions, retrieval of these semantic associations from memory, and recombination of information to draw a logical conclusion. Currently-held beliefs can interfere with the content of the assumptions if not congruent and inhibited. This study aimed to investigate the role of the hippocampus and hippocampal networks during logical reasoning tasks in which the congruence between currently-held beliefs and assumptions varies. Participants of younger and older age completed a series of syllogistic reasoning tasks in which two premises and one conclusion were presented and they were required to decide if the conclusion logically followed the premises. The belief load of premises was manipulated to be either congruent or incongruent with currently-held beliefs. Our whole-brain results showed that older adults recruited the hippocampus during the premise integration stage more than their younger counterparts. Functional connectivity using a hippocampal seed revealed that older, but not younger, adults recruited a hippocampal network that included anterior cingulate and inferior frontal regions when premises were believable. Importantly, this network contributed to better performance in believable inferences, only in older adults group. Further analyses suggested that, in older adults group, the integrity of the left cingulum bundle was associated with the higher rejection of believable premises more than unbelievable ones. Using multimodal imaging, this study highlights the importance of the hippocampus during premise integration and supports compensatory role of the hippocampal network during a logical reasoning task among older adults.
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spelling pubmed-72325762020-05-29 Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging Ziaei, Maryam Bonyadi, Mohammad Reza Reutens, David C. Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Reasoning requires initial encoding of the semantic association between premises or assumptions, retrieval of these semantic associations from memory, and recombination of information to draw a logical conclusion. Currently-held beliefs can interfere with the content of the assumptions if not congruent and inhibited. This study aimed to investigate the role of the hippocampus and hippocampal networks during logical reasoning tasks in which the congruence between currently-held beliefs and assumptions varies. Participants of younger and older age completed a series of syllogistic reasoning tasks in which two premises and one conclusion were presented and they were required to decide if the conclusion logically followed the premises. The belief load of premises was manipulated to be either congruent or incongruent with currently-held beliefs. Our whole-brain results showed that older adults recruited the hippocampus during the premise integration stage more than their younger counterparts. Functional connectivity using a hippocampal seed revealed that older, but not younger, adults recruited a hippocampal network that included anterior cingulate and inferior frontal regions when premises were believable. Importantly, this network contributed to better performance in believable inferences, only in older adults group. Further analyses suggested that, in older adults group, the integrity of the left cingulum bundle was associated with the higher rejection of believable premises more than unbelievable ones. Using multimodal imaging, this study highlights the importance of the hippocampus during premise integration and supports compensatory role of the hippocampal network during a logical reasoning task among older adults. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7232576/ /pubmed/32477096 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00111 Text en Copyright © 2020 Ziaei, Bonyadi and Reutens. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Ziaei, Maryam
Bonyadi, Mohammad Reza
Reutens, David C.
Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging
title Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging
title_full Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging
title_fullStr Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging
title_full_unstemmed Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging
title_short Role of the Hippocampus During Logical Reasoning and Belief Bias in Aging
title_sort role of the hippocampus during logical reasoning and belief bias in aging
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7232576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32477096
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2020.00111
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