Decreased cued fear discrimination learning in female rats as a function of estrous phase

Relative to males, female rats can show enhanced contextual fear generalization (demonstrating a fear response in a safe or neutral context) dependent on estrogen receptor activation. The current experiment aimed to extend this finding to cued fear conditioning. Females in low-estrogen phases of the estrous cycle showed good discrimination, similar to males, between a conditional stimulus that predicted shock (CS+) and an equally familiar one that did not (CS−), while females in the proestrus (high estrogen) phase demonstrated similar levels of fear between the CS+ and CS−. These results demonstrate that cued fear generalization is similarly influenced by endogenous estrogens.