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Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia
Stroke is a disease that occurs due to a sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain. It is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is well-known that the immune system drives brain injury following an episode of ischemic stroke. The innate system and the adaptive system play...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32477327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00689 |
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author | Qin, Xingping Akter, Farhana Qin, Lingxia Cheng, Jing Guo, Mei Yao, Shun Jian, Zhihong Liu, Renzhong Wu, Songlin |
author_facet | Qin, Xingping Akter, Farhana Qin, Lingxia Cheng, Jing Guo, Mei Yao, Shun Jian, Zhihong Liu, Renzhong Wu, Songlin |
author_sort | Qin, Xingping |
collection | PubMed |
description | Stroke is a disease that occurs due to a sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain. It is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is well-known that the immune system drives brain injury following an episode of ischemic stroke. The innate system and the adaptive system play distinct but synergistic roles following ischemia. The innate system can be activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are released from cells in the ischemic region. Damaged cells also release various other mediators that serve to increase inflammation and compromise the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Within 24 h of an ischemic insult, the adaptive immune system is activated. This involves T cell and B cell-mediated inflammatory and humoral effects. These cells also stimulate the release of various interleukins and cytokines, which can modulate the inflammatory response. The adaptive immune system has been shown to contribute to a state of immunodepression following an ischemic episode, and this can increase the risk of infections. However, this phenomenon is equally important in preventing autoimmunity of the body to brain antigens that are released into the peripheral system as a result of BBB compromise. In this review, we highlight the key components of the adaptive immune system that are activated following cerebral ischemia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7235404 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72354042020-05-29 Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia Qin, Xingping Akter, Farhana Qin, Lingxia Cheng, Jing Guo, Mei Yao, Shun Jian, Zhihong Liu, Renzhong Wu, Songlin Front Immunol Immunology Stroke is a disease that occurs due to a sudden interruption of the blood supply to the brain. It is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. It is well-known that the immune system drives brain injury following an episode of ischemic stroke. The innate system and the adaptive system play distinct but synergistic roles following ischemia. The innate system can be activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are released from cells in the ischemic region. Damaged cells also release various other mediators that serve to increase inflammation and compromise the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Within 24 h of an ischemic insult, the adaptive immune system is activated. This involves T cell and B cell-mediated inflammatory and humoral effects. These cells also stimulate the release of various interleukins and cytokines, which can modulate the inflammatory response. The adaptive immune system has been shown to contribute to a state of immunodepression following an ischemic episode, and this can increase the risk of infections. However, this phenomenon is equally important in preventing autoimmunity of the body to brain antigens that are released into the peripheral system as a result of BBB compromise. In this review, we highlight the key components of the adaptive immune system that are activated following cerebral ischemia. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7235404/ /pubmed/32477327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00689 Text en Copyright © 2020 Qin, Akter, Qin, Cheng, Guo, Yao, Jian, Liu and Wu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Qin, Xingping Akter, Farhana Qin, Lingxia Cheng, Jing Guo, Mei Yao, Shun Jian, Zhihong Liu, Renzhong Wu, Songlin Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia |
title | Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia |
title_full | Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia |
title_fullStr | Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia |
title_full_unstemmed | Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia |
title_short | Adaptive Immunity Regulation and Cerebral Ischemia |
title_sort | adaptive immunity regulation and cerebral ischemia |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7235404/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32477327 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00689 |
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