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Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings
More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7236604/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10040036 |
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author | Rainbow, Joshua Sedlackova, Eliska Jiang, Shu Maxted, Grace Moschou, Despina Richtera, Lukas Estrela, Pedro |
author_facet | Rainbow, Joshua Sedlackova, Eliska Jiang, Shu Maxted, Grace Moschou, Despina Richtera, Lukas Estrela, Pedro |
author_sort | Rainbow, Joshua |
collection | PubMed |
description | More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases the second highest cause of mortality. Such cases of waterborne disease are thought to be caused by poor sanitation, water infrastructure, public knowledge, and lack of suitable water monitoring systems. Conventional laboratory-based techniques are inadequate for effective on-site water quality monitoring purposes. This is due to their need for excessive equipment, operational complexity, lack of affordability, and long sample collection to data analysis times. In this review, we discuss the conventional techniques used in modern-day water quality testing. We discuss the future challenges of water quality testing in the developing world and how conventional techniques fall short of these challenges. Finally, we discuss the development of electrochemical biosensors and current research on the integration of these devices with microfluidic components to develop truly integrated, portable, simple to use and cost-effective devices for use by local environmental agencies, NGOs, and local communities in low-resource settings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7236604 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72366042020-05-28 Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings Rainbow, Joshua Sedlackova, Eliska Jiang, Shu Maxted, Grace Moschou, Despina Richtera, Lukas Estrela, Pedro Biosensors (Basel) Review More than 783 million people worldwide are currently without access to clean and safe water. Approximately 1 in 5 cases of mortality due to waterborne diseases involve children, and over 1.5 million cases of waterborne disease occur every year. In the developing world, this makes waterborne diseases the second highest cause of mortality. Such cases of waterborne disease are thought to be caused by poor sanitation, water infrastructure, public knowledge, and lack of suitable water monitoring systems. Conventional laboratory-based techniques are inadequate for effective on-site water quality monitoring purposes. This is due to their need for excessive equipment, operational complexity, lack of affordability, and long sample collection to data analysis times. In this review, we discuss the conventional techniques used in modern-day water quality testing. We discuss the future challenges of water quality testing in the developing world and how conventional techniques fall short of these challenges. Finally, we discuss the development of electrochemical biosensors and current research on the integration of these devices with microfluidic components to develop truly integrated, portable, simple to use and cost-effective devices for use by local environmental agencies, NGOs, and local communities in low-resource settings. MDPI 2020-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7236604/ /pubmed/32294961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10040036 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rainbow, Joshua Sedlackova, Eliska Jiang, Shu Maxted, Grace Moschou, Despina Richtera, Lukas Estrela, Pedro Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
title | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
title_full | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
title_fullStr | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
title_full_unstemmed | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
title_short | Integrated Electrochemical Biosensors for Detection of Waterborne Pathogens in Low-Resource Settings |
title_sort | integrated electrochemical biosensors for detection of waterborne pathogens in low-resource settings |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7236604/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32294961 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10040036 |
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