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Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events

The growth of synchronized leaf flushes or male cones on Cycas trees is an ephemeral event, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are likely deployed from stem and root storage tissues to support their construction. The relationships among various stem NSCs and these rapid growth events have not b...

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Autores principales: Marler, Thomas E., Cruz, Gil N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7238054/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040517
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author Marler, Thomas E.
Cruz, Gil N.
author_facet Marler, Thomas E.
Cruz, Gil N.
author_sort Marler, Thomas E.
collection PubMed
description The growth of synchronized leaf flushes or male cones on Cycas trees is an ephemeral event, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are likely deployed from stem and root storage tissues to support their construction. The relationships among various stem NSCs and these rapid growth events have not been studied to date. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and starch were quantified in Cycas micronesica stem tissue prior to and immediately after the growth of leaf flushes or male cones to determine the influences on the concentration of these carbohydrates. The pre-existing leaves were removed from half of the plants to determine if the elimination of this carbon source would influence the NSC behaviors. Starch and sucrose dominated the NSC profiles, and these two NSCs declined following cone or new leaf growth. Removal of pre-existing leaves generated a greater decline in starch and sucrose for cone growth, and a greater decline in sucrose, but not starch following new leaf growth than in control trees with no leaf removal. The initial differences in starch and sucrose among cortex, vascular, and pith tissues disappeared as the concentrations declined in all three tissue categories to reach similar post-growth concentrations among the stem tissue categories. The fructose, glucose, and maltose behaviors were not consistent, and their concentrations were low such that their influence on the total NSC behaviors was minimal. These results provided indirect evidence that stem NSCs were mobilized to support ephemeral male cone and new leaf growth for this arborescent cycad. Growth of female strobili is slow and lengthy, so we did not include female trees in this study. The contributions of stem NSCs to female strobili growth remain to be studied with alternative methods.
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spelling pubmed-72380542020-05-28 Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events Marler, Thomas E. Cruz, Gil N. Plants (Basel) Article The growth of synchronized leaf flushes or male cones on Cycas trees is an ephemeral event, and non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are likely deployed from stem and root storage tissues to support their construction. The relationships among various stem NSCs and these rapid growth events have not been studied to date. Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and starch were quantified in Cycas micronesica stem tissue prior to and immediately after the growth of leaf flushes or male cones to determine the influences on the concentration of these carbohydrates. The pre-existing leaves were removed from half of the plants to determine if the elimination of this carbon source would influence the NSC behaviors. Starch and sucrose dominated the NSC profiles, and these two NSCs declined following cone or new leaf growth. Removal of pre-existing leaves generated a greater decline in starch and sucrose for cone growth, and a greater decline in sucrose, but not starch following new leaf growth than in control trees with no leaf removal. The initial differences in starch and sucrose among cortex, vascular, and pith tissues disappeared as the concentrations declined in all three tissue categories to reach similar post-growth concentrations among the stem tissue categories. The fructose, glucose, and maltose behaviors were not consistent, and their concentrations were low such that their influence on the total NSC behaviors was minimal. These results provided indirect evidence that stem NSCs were mobilized to support ephemeral male cone and new leaf growth for this arborescent cycad. Growth of female strobili is slow and lengthy, so we did not include female trees in this study. The contributions of stem NSCs to female strobili growth remain to be studied with alternative methods. MDPI 2020-04-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7238054/ /pubmed/32316630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040517 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Marler, Thomas E.
Cruz, Gil N.
Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events
title Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events
title_full Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events
title_fullStr Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events
title_full_unstemmed Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events
title_short Cycas micronesica Stem Carbohydrates Decline Following Leaf and Male Cone Growth Events
title_sort cycas micronesica stem carbohydrates decline following leaf and male cone growth events
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7238054/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32316630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9040517
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