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Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols
BACKGROUND: In the past, it was taught that UVA wavelengths (320- 400nm) only plays a major role in skin aging but recently the scientific researches also show that UVA cause cancerous keratinocyte cells in deep layer of the epidermis. Therefore, the protective ability of the product against UVA is...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7244352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547149 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S244898 |
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author | Hedayat, Kamand Ahmad Nasrollahi, Saman Firooz, Alireza Rastegar, Hossein Dadgarnejad, Manouchehr |
author_facet | Hedayat, Kamand Ahmad Nasrollahi, Saman Firooz, Alireza Rastegar, Hossein Dadgarnejad, Manouchehr |
author_sort | Hedayat, Kamand |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: In the past, it was taught that UVA wavelengths (320- 400nm) only plays a major role in skin aging but recently the scientific researches also show that UVA cause cancerous keratinocyte cells in deep layer of the epidermis. Therefore, the protective ability of the product against UVA is important in addition to protection against UVB rays. The UVA protective factor (UVA-PF) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of sunscreen products against UVA rays. This study aims to review and compare all outstanding protocols in the field of UVA-PF measurement and finally the introduction of the best method of measuring UVA-PF based on the further benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four standards including ISO 24443 (AS/NZS 2604: 2012 recommended approach), CEN 2006, FDA 2007 and FDA 2011 are selected. RESULTS: In order to measure UVA-PF with in vivo method, two standards of CEN 2006 and FDA 2007 recommended persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method. Although the general principle of both is similar, there are some differences in detail. For in vitro measurement of UVA-PF, CEN and FDA 2011 standards use critical wavelengths. FDA 2007 introduces the modified Diffey fraction, and ISO 24443 standard meets the UVA-PF measurement in a manner that is consistent with PPD. CONCLUSION: Finally, this review discussed the comparison of all in vitro and in vivo UVA-PF measurement standards and provided information in the form of texts and tables to move towards the creation of an integrated standard. Since in vitro methods of UVA-PF measurement are not reproducible due to differences in test conditions, it may be concluded that the in vivo PPD method is a more suitable option. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7244352 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72443522020-06-15 Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols Hedayat, Kamand Ahmad Nasrollahi, Saman Firooz, Alireza Rastegar, Hossein Dadgarnejad, Manouchehr Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol Review BACKGROUND: In the past, it was taught that UVA wavelengths (320- 400nm) only plays a major role in skin aging but recently the scientific researches also show that UVA cause cancerous keratinocyte cells in deep layer of the epidermis. Therefore, the protective ability of the product against UVA is important in addition to protection against UVB rays. The UVA protective factor (UVA-PF) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of sunscreen products against UVA rays. This study aims to review and compare all outstanding protocols in the field of UVA-PF measurement and finally the introduction of the best method of measuring UVA-PF based on the further benefits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four standards including ISO 24443 (AS/NZS 2604: 2012 recommended approach), CEN 2006, FDA 2007 and FDA 2011 are selected. RESULTS: In order to measure UVA-PF with in vivo method, two standards of CEN 2006 and FDA 2007 recommended persistent pigment darkening (PPD) method. Although the general principle of both is similar, there are some differences in detail. For in vitro measurement of UVA-PF, CEN and FDA 2011 standards use critical wavelengths. FDA 2007 introduces the modified Diffey fraction, and ISO 24443 standard meets the UVA-PF measurement in a manner that is consistent with PPD. CONCLUSION: Finally, this review discussed the comparison of all in vitro and in vivo UVA-PF measurement standards and provided information in the form of texts and tables to move towards the creation of an integrated standard. Since in vitro methods of UVA-PF measurement are not reproducible due to differences in test conditions, it may be concluded that the in vivo PPD method is a more suitable option. Dove 2020-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7244352/ /pubmed/32547149 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S244898 Text en © 2020 Hedayat et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Review Hedayat, Kamand Ahmad Nasrollahi, Saman Firooz, Alireza Rastegar, Hossein Dadgarnejad, Manouchehr Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols |
title | Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols |
title_full | Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols |
title_fullStr | Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols |
title_short | Comparison of UVA Protection Factor Measurement Protocols |
title_sort | comparison of uva protection factor measurement protocols |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7244352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547149 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S244898 |
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