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Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States
OBJECTIVES: National estimates of healthcare expenditures by types of services for adults with comorbid diabetes and eye complications (ECs) are scarce. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to estimate total healthcare expenditures and expenditures by types of services (inpatient, outpati...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7245693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32509878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2864069 |
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author | Meraya, Abdulkarim M. Alwhaibi, Monira Khobrani, Moteb A. Makeen, Hafiz A. Alqahtani, Saad S. Banji, David |
author_facet | Meraya, Abdulkarim M. Alwhaibi, Monira Khobrani, Moteb A. Makeen, Hafiz A. Alqahtani, Saad S. Banji, David |
author_sort | Meraya, Abdulkarim M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: National estimates of healthcare expenditures by types of services for adults with comorbid diabetes and eye complications (ECs) are scarce. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to estimate total healthcare expenditures and expenditures by types of services (inpatient, outpatient, prescription, and emergency) for adults with ECs. The second objective is to estimate the out-of-pocket spending burden among adults with ECs. Study Design. A cross-sectional study design using data from multiple panels (2009-2015) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was employed. The sample included adults aged 21 years or older with diabetes (n = 8,420). Principal Findings. Of adults with diabetes, 18.9% had ECs. Adults ECs had significantly higher incremental total medical expenditures of $3,125. The highest incremental expenditures were associated with outpatient and prescription drugs. After controlling for sex, age, race, poverty level, insurance coverage, prescription coverage, perceived physical and mental health, the number of chronic physical and mental conditions, marital status, education, the region of residence, smoking status, exercise, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), there was no difference in the out-of-pocket spending burden between adults with and those without ECs. However, adults with comorbid diabetes and CKD were more likely to have the out-of-pocket spending burden than those without CKD. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that ECs in individuals with diabetes are associated with high incremental direct medical and out-of-pocket expenditures. Therefore, it requires more health initiatives, interventions, strategies, and programs to address and minimize the risk involved in such affected individuals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7245693 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72456932020-06-06 Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States Meraya, Abdulkarim M. Alwhaibi, Monira Khobrani, Moteb A. Makeen, Hafiz A. Alqahtani, Saad S. Banji, David J Diabetes Res Research Article OBJECTIVES: National estimates of healthcare expenditures by types of services for adults with comorbid diabetes and eye complications (ECs) are scarce. Therefore, the first objective of this study is to estimate total healthcare expenditures and expenditures by types of services (inpatient, outpatient, prescription, and emergency) for adults with ECs. The second objective is to estimate the out-of-pocket spending burden among adults with ECs. Study Design. A cross-sectional study design using data from multiple panels (2009-2015) of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was employed. The sample included adults aged 21 years or older with diabetes (n = 8,420). Principal Findings. Of adults with diabetes, 18.9% had ECs. Adults ECs had significantly higher incremental total medical expenditures of $3,125. The highest incremental expenditures were associated with outpatient and prescription drugs. After controlling for sex, age, race, poverty level, insurance coverage, prescription coverage, perceived physical and mental health, the number of chronic physical and mental conditions, marital status, education, the region of residence, smoking status, exercise, and chronic kidney disease (CKD), there was no difference in the out-of-pocket spending burden between adults with and those without ECs. However, adults with comorbid diabetes and CKD were more likely to have the out-of-pocket spending burden than those without CKD. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that ECs in individuals with diabetes are associated with high incremental direct medical and out-of-pocket expenditures. Therefore, it requires more health initiatives, interventions, strategies, and programs to address and minimize the risk involved in such affected individuals. Hindawi 2020-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7245693/ /pubmed/32509878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2864069 Text en Copyright © 2020 Abdulkarim M. Meraya et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Meraya, Abdulkarim M. Alwhaibi, Monira Khobrani, Moteb A. Makeen, Hafiz A. Alqahtani, Saad S. Banji, David Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States |
title | Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States |
title_full | Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States |
title_fullStr | Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States |
title_short | Direct Medical Expenditures Associated with Eye Complications among Adults with Diabetes in the United States |
title_sort | direct medical expenditures associated with eye complications among adults with diabetes in the united states |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7245693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32509878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2864069 |
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