Hydrogen peroxide-producing pyruvate oxidase from Lactobacillus delbrueckii is catalytically activated by phosphotidylethanolamine

BACKGROUND: Pyruvate oxidase (Pox) is an important enzyme in bacterial metabolism for increasing ATP production and providing a fitness advantage via hydrogen peroxide production. However, few Pox enzymes have been characterized from bacterial species. The tetrameric non-hydrogen-peroxide producing Pox from E. coli is activated by phospholipids, which is important for its function in vivo. RESULTS: We characterized the hydrogenperoxide-producing Pox from L. delbrueckii strain STYM1 and showed it is specifically activated by phosphotidylethanolamine (16:0–18:1), but not by phosphotidylcholine or phosphotidylglycerol. This activation is a mixture of K- and V-type activation as both k(m) and enzyme turnover are altered. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the L. delbrueckii Pox forms pentamers and either decamers or dimers of pentamers in solution, which is different from other characterized Pox enzymes. Lastly, we generated a C-terminal truncation mutant that was only weakly activated by phosphotidylethanolamine, which suggests the C-terminus is important for lipid activation. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first known hydrogenperoxide-producing Pox enzyme that is activated by phospholipids. Our results suggest that there are substantial differences between Pox enzymes from different bacterial species, which could be important for their role in biological systems as well as in the development of Pox-based biosensors.