Poor prenatal service utilization and pregnancy outcome in a tertiary health facility in Southwest Nigeria

INTRODUCTION: Poor prenatal service utilization is common in developing countries. However, the predictors and pregnancy outcomes of poor utilizers have not been fully examined in our setting. METHODS: Poor and good prenatal service utilizers were compared with respect to demographic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. RESULTS: Poor utilizers were significantly more likely to be single mothers, with unemployed husbands/partners, but less likely to have labour induction compared with good utilizers. Also, the women with fewer than four antenatal visits had significantly more babies with low birth weight (18% versus 9.8%, p = 0.003), and 5-minute Apgar scores less than 7 (17.9% versus 10.1%, p = 0.023). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that having an unemployed husband/partner (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.33; 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.): 1.24 - 4.38; p = 0.009), with low birth weight babies (AOR: 1.66; 95% C.I.: 1.01 - 2.73; p = 0.045), and delivering without induction of labour (AOR: 4.27; 95% C.I.: 2.38 - 7.64; p < 0.001) were independently associated with poor prenatal service utilization. CONCLUSION: Efforts devoted to identifying women who are likely to be non- and poor-utilizers of prenatal care are recommended. Scaling up awareness campaigns on maximizing the benefits of prenatal care, increasing the content quality of antenatal visits to give women a positive pregnancy experience and implementing a National Health Insurance package that strategically targets the most socially underprivileged classes are advocated to promote safe motherhood and the objectives of antenatal care.