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Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism
Intra‐cohort cannibalism is an example of a size‐mediated priority effect. If early life stages cannibalize slightly smaller individuals, then parents face a trade‐off between breeding at the best time for larval growth or development and predation risk from offspring born earlier. This game‐theoret...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246208/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6192 |
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author | Takashina, Nao Fiksen, Øyvind |
author_facet | Takashina, Nao Fiksen, Øyvind |
author_sort | Takashina, Nao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Intra‐cohort cannibalism is an example of a size‐mediated priority effect. If early life stages cannibalize slightly smaller individuals, then parents face a trade‐off between breeding at the best time for larval growth or development and predation risk from offspring born earlier. This game‐theoretic situation among parents may drive adaptive reproductive phenology toward earlier breeding. However, it is not straightforward to quantify how cannibalism affects seasonal egg fitness or to distinguish emergent breeding phenology from alternative adaptive drivers. Here, we devise an age‐structured game‐theoretic mathematical model to find evolutionary stable breeding phenologies. We predict how size‐dependent cannibalism acting on eggs, larvae, or both changes emergent breeding phenology and find that breeding under inter‐cohort cannibalism occurs earlier than the optimal match to environmental conditions. We show that emergent breeding phenology patterns at the level of the population are sensitive to the ontogeny of cannibalism, that is, which life stage is subject to cannibalism. This suggests that the nature of cannibalism among early life stages is a potential driver of the diversity of reproductive phenologies seen across taxa and may be a contributing factor in situations where breeding occurs earlier than expected from environmental conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7246208 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72462082020-06-01 Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism Takashina, Nao Fiksen, Øyvind Ecol Evol Original Research Intra‐cohort cannibalism is an example of a size‐mediated priority effect. If early life stages cannibalize slightly smaller individuals, then parents face a trade‐off between breeding at the best time for larval growth or development and predation risk from offspring born earlier. This game‐theoretic situation among parents may drive adaptive reproductive phenology toward earlier breeding. However, it is not straightforward to quantify how cannibalism affects seasonal egg fitness or to distinguish emergent breeding phenology from alternative adaptive drivers. Here, we devise an age‐structured game‐theoretic mathematical model to find evolutionary stable breeding phenologies. We predict how size‐dependent cannibalism acting on eggs, larvae, or both changes emergent breeding phenology and find that breeding under inter‐cohort cannibalism occurs earlier than the optimal match to environmental conditions. We show that emergent breeding phenology patterns at the level of the population are sensitive to the ontogeny of cannibalism, that is, which life stage is subject to cannibalism. This suggests that the nature of cannibalism among early life stages is a potential driver of the diversity of reproductive phenologies seen across taxa and may be a contributing factor in situations where breeding occurs earlier than expected from environmental conditions. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC7246208/ /pubmed/32489593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6192 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Takashina, Nao Fiksen, Øyvind Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism |
title | Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism |
title_full | Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism |
title_fullStr | Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism |
title_full_unstemmed | Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism |
title_short | Optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism |
title_sort | optimal reproductive phenology under size‐dependent cannibalism |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246208/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32489593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6192 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT takashinanao optimalreproductivephenologyundersizedependentcannibalism AT fiksenøyvind optimalreproductivephenologyundersizedependentcannibalism |