Arachidonic Acid Attenuates Cell Proliferation, Migration and Viability by a Mechanism Independent on Calcium Entry

Arachidonic acid (AA) is a phospholipase A2 metabolite that has been reported to mediate a plethora of cellular mechanisms involved in healthy and pathological states such as platelet aggregation, lymphocyte activation, and tissue inflammation. AA has been described to activate Ca(2+) entry through the arachidonate-regulated Ca(2+)-selective channels (ARC channels). Here, the analysis of the changes in the intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis revealed that, despite MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the ARC channel components Orai1, Orai3, and STIM1, AA does not evoke Ca(2+) entry in these cells. We observed that AA evokes Ca(2+) entry in MDA-MB-231 cells transiently expressing ARC channels. Nevertheless, MDA-MB-231 cell treatment with AA reduces cell proliferation and migration while inducing cell death through apoptosis. The latter mostly likely occurs via mitochondria membrane depolarization and the activation of caspases-3, -8, and -9. Altogether, our results indicate that AA exerts anti-tumoral effects on MDA-MB-231 cells, without having any effect on non-tumoral breast epithelial cells, by a mechanism that is independent on the activation of Ca(2+) influx via ARC channels.