Massive Transfusion Protocols for Pediatric Patients: Current Perspectives

In adults, the use of balanced resuscitation and study of massive transfusion protocols have led to improved outcomes for patients and continues to be refined. In children, massive transfusion protocols require further development and study to assess efficacy. Standardization is needed as transfusions and activation of protocols still rely on physician discretion in most pediatric settings. Further research is required to define the pediatric trauma population that will benefit, when to activate these protocols and how to use adjuncts such as tranexamic acid or factor VII in resuscitation. In addition, future implementation of technology such as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers to increase survival should be studied further in this subset of patients.