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Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics

How does gait-specific pattern generation evolve in early infancy? The idea that neural and biomechanical mechanisms underlying mature walking and running differ to some extent and involve distinct spinal and supraspinal neural circuits is supported by various studies. Here we consider the issue of...

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Autores principales: Dewolf, Arthur Henri, Sylos-Labini, Francesca, Cappellini, Germana, Lacquaniti, Francesco, Ivanenko, Yury
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7248179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32509753
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00473
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author Dewolf, Arthur Henri
Sylos-Labini, Francesca
Cappellini, Germana
Lacquaniti, Francesco
Ivanenko, Yury
author_facet Dewolf, Arthur Henri
Sylos-Labini, Francesca
Cappellini, Germana
Lacquaniti, Francesco
Ivanenko, Yury
author_sort Dewolf, Arthur Henri
collection PubMed
description How does gait-specific pattern generation evolve in early infancy? The idea that neural and biomechanical mechanisms underlying mature walking and running differ to some extent and involve distinct spinal and supraspinal neural circuits is supported by various studies. Here we consider the issue of human gaits from the developmental point of view, from neonate stepping to adult mature gaits. While differentiating features of the walk and run are clearly distinct in adults, the gradual and progressive developmental bifurcation between the different gaits suggests considerable sharing of circuitry. Gaits development and their biomechanical determinants also depend on maturation of the musculoskeletal system. This review outlines the possible overlap in the neural and biomechanical control of walking and running in infancy, supporting the idea that gaits may be built starting from common, likely phylogenetically conserved elements. Bridging connections between movement mechanics and neural control of locomotion could have profound clinical implications for technological solutions to understand better locomotor development and to diagnose early motor deficits. We also consider the neuromuscular maturation time frame of gaits resulting from active practice of locomotion, underlying plasticity of development.
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spelling pubmed-72481792020-06-05 Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics Dewolf, Arthur Henri Sylos-Labini, Francesca Cappellini, Germana Lacquaniti, Francesco Ivanenko, Yury Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology How does gait-specific pattern generation evolve in early infancy? The idea that neural and biomechanical mechanisms underlying mature walking and running differ to some extent and involve distinct spinal and supraspinal neural circuits is supported by various studies. Here we consider the issue of human gaits from the developmental point of view, from neonate stepping to adult mature gaits. While differentiating features of the walk and run are clearly distinct in adults, the gradual and progressive developmental bifurcation between the different gaits suggests considerable sharing of circuitry. Gaits development and their biomechanical determinants also depend on maturation of the musculoskeletal system. This review outlines the possible overlap in the neural and biomechanical control of walking and running in infancy, supporting the idea that gaits may be built starting from common, likely phylogenetically conserved elements. Bridging connections between movement mechanics and neural control of locomotion could have profound clinical implications for technological solutions to understand better locomotor development and to diagnose early motor deficits. We also consider the neuromuscular maturation time frame of gaits resulting from active practice of locomotion, underlying plasticity of development. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-19 /pmc/articles/PMC7248179/ /pubmed/32509753 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00473 Text en Copyright © 2020 Dewolf, Sylos-Labini, Cappellini, Lacquaniti and Ivanenko. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Dewolf, Arthur Henri
Sylos-Labini, Francesca
Cappellini, Germana
Lacquaniti, Francesco
Ivanenko, Yury
Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics
title Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics
title_full Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics
title_fullStr Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics
title_short Emergence of Different Gaits in Infancy: Relationship Between Developing Neural Circuitries and Changing Biomechanics
title_sort emergence of different gaits in infancy: relationship between developing neural circuitries and changing biomechanics
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7248179/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32509753
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00473
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