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Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence

Despite decades of intensive basic and clinical research efforts, there is still no successful vaccine candidate against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Standard combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been successfully developed and has given remarkable results suppressing HIV-1 infection...

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Autores principales: Weichseldorfer, Matthew, Heredia, Alonso, Reitz, Marvin, Bryant, Joseph L., Latinovic, Olga S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32457941
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author Weichseldorfer, Matthew
Heredia, Alonso
Reitz, Marvin
Bryant, Joseph L.
Latinovic, Olga S.
author_facet Weichseldorfer, Matthew
Heredia, Alonso
Reitz, Marvin
Bryant, Joseph L.
Latinovic, Olga S.
author_sort Weichseldorfer, Matthew
collection PubMed
description Despite decades of intensive basic and clinical research efforts, there is still no successful vaccine candidate against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Standard combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been successfully developed and has given remarkable results suppressing HIV-1 infection and transmission. However, cART cannot fully clear the virus from the infected patients. A cure for HIV-1 is highly desirable to stop both the spread of the virus in humans and disease progression in HIV-1 patients. A safe and effective cure strategy for HIV-1 infection will require appropriate animal models that properly mimic HIV-1 infection and advance HIV-1 cure research. Animal models have been a crucial tool in the drug discovery process for investigation of HIV-1 disease mainly in preclinical evaluations of antiretroviral drugs and vaccines. An ideal animal model should recapitulate the main aspects of human-specific HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis with their associated immune responses, while permitting invasive antiretroviral studies. The best humanized mouse models would allow a thorough evaluation of antiretroviral strategies that are aimed towards reducing the establishment and size of the HIV-1 reservoirs. In this review, we evaluate multiple humanized mouse models while presenting their strengths and limitations for HIV-1 research. These humanized mouse models have been tailored in recent decades and heavily employed to address specific quintessential and remaining questions of HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis and ultimately, eradication.
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spelling pubmed-72503912020-05-26 Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence Weichseldorfer, Matthew Heredia, Alonso Reitz, Marvin Bryant, Joseph L. Latinovic, Olga S. J AIDS HIV Treat Article Despite decades of intensive basic and clinical research efforts, there is still no successful vaccine candidate against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Standard combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been successfully developed and has given remarkable results suppressing HIV-1 infection and transmission. However, cART cannot fully clear the virus from the infected patients. A cure for HIV-1 is highly desirable to stop both the spread of the virus in humans and disease progression in HIV-1 patients. A safe and effective cure strategy for HIV-1 infection will require appropriate animal models that properly mimic HIV-1 infection and advance HIV-1 cure research. Animal models have been a crucial tool in the drug discovery process for investigation of HIV-1 disease mainly in preclinical evaluations of antiretroviral drugs and vaccines. An ideal animal model should recapitulate the main aspects of human-specific HIV-1 infection and pathogenesis with their associated immune responses, while permitting invasive antiretroviral studies. The best humanized mouse models would allow a thorough evaluation of antiretroviral strategies that are aimed towards reducing the establishment and size of the HIV-1 reservoirs. In this review, we evaluate multiple humanized mouse models while presenting their strengths and limitations for HIV-1 research. These humanized mouse models have been tailored in recent decades and heavily employed to address specific quintessential and remaining questions of HIV-1 persistence, pathogenesis and ultimately, eradication. 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7250391/ /pubmed/32457941 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Article
Weichseldorfer, Matthew
Heredia, Alonso
Reitz, Marvin
Bryant, Joseph L.
Latinovic, Olga S.
Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence
title Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence
title_full Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence
title_fullStr Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence
title_full_unstemmed Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence
title_short Use of Humanized Mouse Models for Studying HIV-1 Infection, Pathogenesis and Persistence
title_sort use of humanized mouse models for studying hiv-1 infection, pathogenesis and persistence
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7250391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32457941
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