Effects of temperature on the dissipation of total- and water-extractable pesticides in Japanese soils

We investigated the dissipation of 27 pesticides in five Japanese soils at three temperatures and the variability of activation energies (E(a)). The dissipation of total pesticides extracted sequentially using water and acetone was fitted to a single first-order (SFO) model. The E(a) values calculated from the dissipation rate constants of the SFO model showed a normal distribution with a median of 61.1 kJ mol(−1). The dissipation of water-extractable pesticides (i.e., phytoavailable pesticides) was fitted to a double first-order in parallel model with two dissipation rate constants: k(1) and k(2). The E(a) values calculated from k(1) and k(2) showed normal or lognormal distribution, and the medians of the normal distribution calculated from k(1) and k(2) were 62.8 and 45.2 kJ mol(−1), respectively. Furthermore, the method for estimating the biphasic dissipation of phytoavailable pesticides at different temperatures by using the median E(a) values of the laboratory experiment was demonstrated in a field experiment.