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Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex
Over the years, many researchers have reported a great diversity of bacteriophages infecting members of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). This diversity has driven bacterial evolution by leading the emergence and maintenance of bacterial defense systems to combat phage infection. In...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7251935/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32508782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00961 |
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author | Castillo, José A. Secaira-Morocho, Henry Maldonado, Stephanie Sarmiento, Katlheen N. |
author_facet | Castillo, José A. Secaira-Morocho, Henry Maldonado, Stephanie Sarmiento, Katlheen N. |
author_sort | Castillo, José A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over the years, many researchers have reported a great diversity of bacteriophages infecting members of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). This diversity has driven bacterial evolution by leading the emergence and maintenance of bacterial defense systems to combat phage infection. In this work, we present an in silico study of the arsenal of defense systems that RSSC harbors and their evolutionary history. For this purpose, we used a combination of genomic, phylogenetic and associative methods. We found that in addition to the CRISPR-Cas system already reported, there are eight other antiphage defense systems including the well-known Restriction-Modification and Toxin-Antitoxin systems. Furthermore, we found a tenth defense system, which is dedicated to reducing the incidence of plasmid transformation in bacteria. We undertook an analysis of the gene gain and loss patterns of the defense systems in 15 genomes of RSSC. Results indicate that the dynamics are inclined toward the gain of defense genes as opposed to the rest of the genes that were preferably lost throughout evolution. This was confirmed by evidence on independent gene acquisition that has occurred by profuse horizontal transfer. The mutation and recombination rates were calculated as a proxy of evolutionary rates. Again, genes encoding the defense systems follow different rates of evolution respect to the rest of the genes. These results lead us to conclude that the evolution of RSSC defense systems is highly dynamic and responds to a different evolutionary regime than the rest of the genes in the genomes of RSSC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7251935 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72519352020-06-05 Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex Castillo, José A. Secaira-Morocho, Henry Maldonado, Stephanie Sarmiento, Katlheen N. Front Microbiol Microbiology Over the years, many researchers have reported a great diversity of bacteriophages infecting members of the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC). This diversity has driven bacterial evolution by leading the emergence and maintenance of bacterial defense systems to combat phage infection. In this work, we present an in silico study of the arsenal of defense systems that RSSC harbors and their evolutionary history. For this purpose, we used a combination of genomic, phylogenetic and associative methods. We found that in addition to the CRISPR-Cas system already reported, there are eight other antiphage defense systems including the well-known Restriction-Modification and Toxin-Antitoxin systems. Furthermore, we found a tenth defense system, which is dedicated to reducing the incidence of plasmid transformation in bacteria. We undertook an analysis of the gene gain and loss patterns of the defense systems in 15 genomes of RSSC. Results indicate that the dynamics are inclined toward the gain of defense genes as opposed to the rest of the genes that were preferably lost throughout evolution. This was confirmed by evidence on independent gene acquisition that has occurred by profuse horizontal transfer. The mutation and recombination rates were calculated as a proxy of evolutionary rates. Again, genes encoding the defense systems follow different rates of evolution respect to the rest of the genes. These results lead us to conclude that the evolution of RSSC defense systems is highly dynamic and responds to a different evolutionary regime than the rest of the genes in the genomes of RSSC. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7251935/ /pubmed/32508782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00961 Text en Copyright © 2020 Castillo, Secaira-Morocho, Maldonado and Sarmiento. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Castillo, José A. Secaira-Morocho, Henry Maldonado, Stephanie Sarmiento, Katlheen N. Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex |
title | Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex |
title_full | Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex |
title_fullStr | Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex |
title_full_unstemmed | Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex |
title_short | Diversity and Evolutionary Dynamics of Antiphage Defense Systems in Ralstonia solanacearum Species Complex |
title_sort | diversity and evolutionary dynamics of antiphage defense systems in ralstonia solanacearum species complex |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7251935/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32508782 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00961 |
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