Update on the etiology, classification, and management of glomerular diseases

In this brief review, the reader will find a timely update regarding some of the most commonly encountered glomerular diseases. The review will include an update on the etiology with a focus on new genetic and molecular discoveries. New classifications will be elucidated, and management will be updated in broad strokes. Illustrative pathology slides will be used as appropriate. It is critical for the reader to realize from the outset that terminology such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and crescentic glomerulonephritis represent a pattern of injury rather than a specific disease. Whenever possible, the specific etiology and pathogenesis of a given pattern should be sought. It is also important to know that the same disease or mechanism can cause multiple patterns of injury, whereas the same pattern of injury can be the result of multiple disease or mechanisms.