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Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) can take a serious course under immunosuppression. Data on the impact of the underlying pathogens are still controversial. Samples from the upper (n = 322) and lower RT (n = 169) were collected from 136 children and 355 adults; 225 among them have been immunocompro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03878-9 |
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author | Reckziegel, Maria Weber-Osel, Claudia Egerer, Renate Gruhn, Bernd Kubek, Florian Walther, Mario Wilhelm, Stefanie Zell, Roland Krumbholz, Andi |
author_facet | Reckziegel, Maria Weber-Osel, Claudia Egerer, Renate Gruhn, Bernd Kubek, Florian Walther, Mario Wilhelm, Stefanie Zell, Roland Krumbholz, Andi |
author_sort | Reckziegel, Maria |
collection | PubMed |
description | Respiratory tract infections (RTI) can take a serious course under immunosuppression. Data on the impact of the underlying pathogens are still controversial. Samples from the upper (n = 322) and lower RT (n = 169) were collected from 136 children and 355 adults; 225 among them have been immunocompromised patients. Exclusion criteria were presence of relevant cultivable microorganisms, C-reactive protein > 20 mg/dl, or procalcitonin > 2.0 ng/ml. Samples were tested by PCR for the presence of herpesviruses (HSV-1/-2; VZV; CMV; HHV6; EBV), adenoviruses, bocaviruses, entero-/rhinoviruses (HRV), parechoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses (IV), parainfluenza viruses as well as for pneumoviruses (HMPV and RSV), and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M.p.; Chlamydia pneumoniae, C.p.). Viral/bacterial genome equivalents were detected in more than two-thirds of specimens. Under immunosuppression, herpesviruses (EBV 30.9%/14.6%, p < 0.001; CMV 19.6%/7.9%, p < 0.001; HSV-1: 14.2%/7.1%, p = 0.012) were frequently observed, mainly through their reactivation in adults. Immunocompromised adults tended to present a higher RSV prevalence (6.4%/2.4%, p = 0.078). Immunocompetent patients were more frequently tested positive for IV (15.0%/5.8%, p = 0.001) and M.p. (6.4%/0.4%, p < 0.001), probably biased due to the influenza pandemic of 2009 and an M.p. epidemic in 2011. About 41.8% of samples were positive for a single pathogen, and among them EBV (19.9%) was most prevalent followed by HRV (18.2%) and IV (16.6%). HSV-2 and C.p. were not found. Marked seasonal effects were observed for HRV, IV, and RSV. Differences in pathogen prevalence were demonstrated between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The exact contribution of some herpesviruses to the development of RTI remains unclear. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10096-020-03878-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7253234 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72532342020-05-28 Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection Reckziegel, Maria Weber-Osel, Claudia Egerer, Renate Gruhn, Bernd Kubek, Florian Walther, Mario Wilhelm, Stefanie Zell, Roland Krumbholz, Andi Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Original Article Respiratory tract infections (RTI) can take a serious course under immunosuppression. Data on the impact of the underlying pathogens are still controversial. Samples from the upper (n = 322) and lower RT (n = 169) were collected from 136 children and 355 adults; 225 among them have been immunocompromised patients. Exclusion criteria were presence of relevant cultivable microorganisms, C-reactive protein > 20 mg/dl, or procalcitonin > 2.0 ng/ml. Samples were tested by PCR for the presence of herpesviruses (HSV-1/-2; VZV; CMV; HHV6; EBV), adenoviruses, bocaviruses, entero-/rhinoviruses (HRV), parechoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza viruses (IV), parainfluenza viruses as well as for pneumoviruses (HMPV and RSV), and atypical bacteria (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M.p.; Chlamydia pneumoniae, C.p.). Viral/bacterial genome equivalents were detected in more than two-thirds of specimens. Under immunosuppression, herpesviruses (EBV 30.9%/14.6%, p < 0.001; CMV 19.6%/7.9%, p < 0.001; HSV-1: 14.2%/7.1%, p = 0.012) were frequently observed, mainly through their reactivation in adults. Immunocompromised adults tended to present a higher RSV prevalence (6.4%/2.4%, p = 0.078). Immunocompetent patients were more frequently tested positive for IV (15.0%/5.8%, p = 0.001) and M.p. (6.4%/0.4%, p < 0.001), probably biased due to the influenza pandemic of 2009 and an M.p. epidemic in 2011. About 41.8% of samples were positive for a single pathogen, and among them EBV (19.9%) was most prevalent followed by HRV (18.2%) and IV (16.6%). HSV-2 and C.p. were not found. Marked seasonal effects were observed for HRV, IV, and RSV. Differences in pathogen prevalence were demonstrated between immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The exact contribution of some herpesviruses to the development of RTI remains unclear. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10096-020-03878-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2020-05-27 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7253234/ /pubmed/32462500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03878-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2020, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Reckziegel, Maria Weber-Osel, Claudia Egerer, Renate Gruhn, Bernd Kubek, Florian Walther, Mario Wilhelm, Stefanie Zell, Roland Krumbholz, Andi Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection |
title | Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection |
title_full | Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection |
title_fullStr | Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection |
title_short | Viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection |
title_sort | viruses and atypical bacteria in the respiratory tract of immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients with airway infection |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7253234/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32462500 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-020-03878-9 |
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