BBB-penetrating codelivery liposomes treat brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR(T790M) mutation

EGFR TKI therapy has become a first-line regimen for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with EGRF mutations. However, there are two big challenges against effective therapy--the secondary EGFR mutation-associated TKI resistance and brain metastasis (BMs) of lung cancer. The BMs is a major cause of death for advanced NSCLC patients, and the treatment of BMs with TKI resistance remains difficult. Methods: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is a promising drug target for inhibiting tumor growth, overcoming drug resistance, and anti-metastasis. TAM also plays an essential role in regulating tumor microenvironment. We developed a dual-targeting liposomal system with modification of anti-PD-L1 nanobody and transferrin receptor (TfR)-binding peptide T12 for codelivery of simvastatin/gefitinib to treat BMs of NSCLC. Results: The dual-targeting liposomes could efficiently penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the BMs, acting on TAM repolarization and reversal of EGFR(T790M)-associated drug resistance. The treatment mechanisms were related to the elevating ROS and the suppression of the EGFR/Akt/Erk signaling pathway. Conclusion: The dual-targeting liposomal codelivery system offers a promising strategy for treating the advanced EGFR(T790M) NSCLC patients with BMs.