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Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds

Tears are an important component of the ocular surface protection mechanism and are in close contact with the corneal epithelium and the environment. Their composition is well-known in humans; however, there are few investigations on the composition and function of tears in reptiles, birds and other...

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Autores principales: Raposo, Ana Cláudia, Portela, Ricardo Dias, Aldrovani, Marcela, Barral, Thiago Doria, Cury, Dayse, Oriá, Arianne Pontes
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256680/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528986
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00283
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author Raposo, Ana Cláudia
Portela, Ricardo Dias
Aldrovani, Marcela
Barral, Thiago Doria
Cury, Dayse
Oriá, Arianne Pontes
author_facet Raposo, Ana Cláudia
Portela, Ricardo Dias
Aldrovani, Marcela
Barral, Thiago Doria
Cury, Dayse
Oriá, Arianne Pontes
author_sort Raposo, Ana Cláudia
collection PubMed
description Tears are an important component of the ocular surface protection mechanism and are in close contact with the corneal epithelium and the environment. Their composition is well-known in humans; however, there are few investigations on the composition and function of tears in reptiles, birds and others mammals, which would elucidate the mechanisms governing the maintenance of ocular homeostasis. In this work, electrophoretic profiles and an evaluation of total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, and cholesterol concentrations in tears of semi-aquatic, terrestrial, and marine reptiles (Caiman latirostris, Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, Eretmochelys imbricata, Lepidochelys olivacea, and Chelonoidis carbonaria), birds (Tyto furcata, Rupornis magnirostris and Ara ararauna), and mammals (Equus caballus and Canis lupus familiaris) were apresented. Human tear components and respective blood serum samples were used as references. The electrophoretic analysis revealed similarities whithin same Classes. The results of the tear–blood serum relationship and the comparison to human tear components showed particularities that are potentially derived from a homeostatic response to the environment. When the tear compositions of animals belonging to different ecological clusters were compared, marked differences were observed in total protein and urea concentrations. Thus, reptile, bird, and mammalian tears are complex fluids with differing concentrations of biochemical components that are potentially a result of the animals' adaptation to different environments.
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spelling pubmed-72566802020-06-10 Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds Raposo, Ana Cláudia Portela, Ricardo Dias Aldrovani, Marcela Barral, Thiago Doria Cury, Dayse Oriá, Arianne Pontes Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Tears are an important component of the ocular surface protection mechanism and are in close contact with the corneal epithelium and the environment. Their composition is well-known in humans; however, there are few investigations on the composition and function of tears in reptiles, birds and others mammals, which would elucidate the mechanisms governing the maintenance of ocular homeostasis. In this work, electrophoretic profiles and an evaluation of total protein, albumin, urea, glucose, and cholesterol concentrations in tears of semi-aquatic, terrestrial, and marine reptiles (Caiman latirostris, Chelonia mydas, Caretta caretta, Eretmochelys imbricata, Lepidochelys olivacea, and Chelonoidis carbonaria), birds (Tyto furcata, Rupornis magnirostris and Ara ararauna), and mammals (Equus caballus and Canis lupus familiaris) were apresented. Human tear components and respective blood serum samples were used as references. The electrophoretic analysis revealed similarities whithin same Classes. The results of the tear–blood serum relationship and the comparison to human tear components showed particularities that are potentially derived from a homeostatic response to the environment. When the tear compositions of animals belonging to different ecological clusters were compared, marked differences were observed in total protein and urea concentrations. Thus, reptile, bird, and mammalian tears are complex fluids with differing concentrations of biochemical components that are potentially a result of the animals' adaptation to different environments. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7256680/ /pubmed/32528986 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00283 Text en Copyright © 2020 Raposo, Portela, Aldrovani, Barral, Cury and Oriá. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Raposo, Ana Cláudia
Portela, Ricardo Dias
Aldrovani, Marcela
Barral, Thiago Doria
Cury, Dayse
Oriá, Arianne Pontes
Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds
title Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds
title_full Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds
title_fullStr Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds
title_short Comparative Analysis of Tear Composition in Humans, Domestic Mammals, Reptiles, and Birds
title_sort comparative analysis of tear composition in humans, domestic mammals, reptiles, and birds
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7256680/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32528986
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00283
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