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Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus)

Commensal microorganisms are essential to the normal development and function of many aspects of animal biology, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immunological development, behaviors, and evolution. The specific microbial composition and evolution of the intestinal tracts of wild pigs remai...

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Autores principales: Yang, Guangli, Shi, Chuanxin, Zhang, Shuhong, Liu, Yan, Li, Zhiqiang, Gao, Fengyi, Cui, Yanyan, Yan, Yongfeng, Li, Ming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32518722
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9124
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author Yang, Guangli
Shi, Chuanxin
Zhang, Shuhong
Liu, Yan
Li, Zhiqiang
Gao, Fengyi
Cui, Yanyan
Yan, Yongfeng
Li, Ming
author_facet Yang, Guangli
Shi, Chuanxin
Zhang, Shuhong
Liu, Yan
Li, Zhiqiang
Gao, Fengyi
Cui, Yanyan
Yan, Yongfeng
Li, Ming
author_sort Yang, Guangli
collection PubMed
description Commensal microorganisms are essential to the normal development and function of many aspects of animal biology, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immunological development, behaviors, and evolution. The specific microbial composition and evolution of the intestinal tracts of wild pigs remain poorly characterized. This study therefore sought to assess the composition, distribution, and evolution of the intestinal microbiome of wild pigs. For these analyses, 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions from five gut sections prepared from each of three wild sows were sequenced to detect the microbiome composition. These analyses revealed the presence of 6,513 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) mostly distributed across 17 phyla and 163 genera in these samples, with Firmicutes and Actinobacteria being the most prevalent phyla of microbes present in cecum and jejunum samples, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of Actinobacteria in wild pigs was higher than that in domestic pigs. At the genus level the Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum species of microbes were most abundant in all tested gut sections, with higher relative abundance in wild pigs relative to domestic pigs, indicating that in the process of pig evolution, the intestinal microbes also evolved, and changes in the intestinal microbial diversity could have been one of the evolutionary forces of pigs. Intestinal microbial functional analyses also revealed the microbes present in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large intestine (cecum and colon) of wild pigs to engage distinct metabolic spatial structures and pathways relative to one another. Overall, these results offer unique insights that would help to advance the current understanding of how the intestinal microbes interact with the host and affect the evolution of pigs.
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spelling pubmed-72589712020-06-08 Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus) Yang, Guangli Shi, Chuanxin Zhang, Shuhong Liu, Yan Li, Zhiqiang Gao, Fengyi Cui, Yanyan Yan, Yongfeng Li, Ming PeerJ Evolutionary Studies Commensal microorganisms are essential to the normal development and function of many aspects of animal biology, including digestion, nutrient absorption, immunological development, behaviors, and evolution. The specific microbial composition and evolution of the intestinal tracts of wild pigs remain poorly characterized. This study therefore sought to assess the composition, distribution, and evolution of the intestinal microbiome of wild pigs. For these analyses, 16S rRNA V3-V4 regions from five gut sections prepared from each of three wild sows were sequenced to detect the microbiome composition. These analyses revealed the presence of 6,513 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) mostly distributed across 17 phyla and 163 genera in these samples, with Firmicutes and Actinobacteria being the most prevalent phyla of microbes present in cecum and jejunum samples, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of Actinobacteria in wild pigs was higher than that in domestic pigs. At the genus level the Bifidobacterium and Allobaculum species of microbes were most abundant in all tested gut sections, with higher relative abundance in wild pigs relative to domestic pigs, indicating that in the process of pig evolution, the intestinal microbes also evolved, and changes in the intestinal microbial diversity could have been one of the evolutionary forces of pigs. Intestinal microbial functional analyses also revealed the microbes present in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and large intestine (cecum and colon) of wild pigs to engage distinct metabolic spatial structures and pathways relative to one another. Overall, these results offer unique insights that would help to advance the current understanding of how the intestinal microbes interact with the host and affect the evolution of pigs. PeerJ Inc. 2020-05-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7258971/ /pubmed/32518722 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9124 Text en ©2020 Yang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Evolutionary Studies
Yang, Guangli
Shi, Chuanxin
Zhang, Shuhong
Liu, Yan
Li, Zhiqiang
Gao, Fengyi
Cui, Yanyan
Yan, Yongfeng
Li, Ming
Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus)
title Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus)
title_full Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus)
title_fullStr Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus)
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus)
title_short Characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (Sus scrofa ussuricus)
title_sort characterization of the bacterial microbiota composition and evolution at different intestinal tract in wild pigs (sus scrofa ussuricus)
topic Evolutionary Studies
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7258971/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32518722
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9124
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