Cargando…

Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves

BACKGROUND: Constitutive and inducible defenses protect the respiratory tract from bacterial infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the response to an aerosolized lysate of killed bacteria, as a basis for studying the regulation and in vivo effects of these inducible innate immun...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Bassel, Laura L., Co, Carmon, Macdonald, Alaina, Sly, Laurel, McCandless, Erin E., Hewson, Joanne, Tiwari, Raksha, Sharif, Shayan, Siracusa, Laura, Clark, Mary Ellen, Caswell, Jeff L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7260748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471444
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02383-7
_version_ 1783540383327715328
author Bassel, Laura L.
Co, Carmon
Macdonald, Alaina
Sly, Laurel
McCandless, Erin E.
Hewson, Joanne
Tiwari, Raksha
Sharif, Shayan
Siracusa, Laura
Clark, Mary Ellen
Caswell, Jeff L.
author_facet Bassel, Laura L.
Co, Carmon
Macdonald, Alaina
Sly, Laurel
McCandless, Erin E.
Hewson, Joanne
Tiwari, Raksha
Sharif, Shayan
Siracusa, Laura
Clark, Mary Ellen
Caswell, Jeff L.
author_sort Bassel, Laura L.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Constitutive and inducible defenses protect the respiratory tract from bacterial infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the response to an aerosolized lysate of killed bacteria, as a basis for studying the regulation and in vivo effects of these inducible innate immune responses. RESULTS: Bacterial lysate consisting of heat-killed and sonicated Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was aerosolized to 6 calves and systemic and pulmonary innate immune and inflammatory responses were measured in the first 24 h relative to baseline. Evaluated parameters included clinical parameters (body temperature and heart and respiratory rates), blood acute phase proteins and leukocyte counts, and leukocytes and proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mild clinical signs with increased heart rates and rectal temperatures developed following administration of the lysate, with resolution by 24 h. Serum haptoglobin and plasma fibrinogen concentrations were elevated at 24 h relative to baseline. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) had increased cellularity and increased proportion of neutrophils, as well as higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10 and total protein at 24 h relative to baseline. Mass spectrometry identified 965 unique proteins in BALF: 19 proteins were increased and 26 proteins were decreased relative to baseline. The upregulated proteins included those involved in innate immunity including activation of complement, neutrophils and platelets. At postmortem examination, calves receiving higher doses of lysate had areas of lobular consolidation and interlobular edema. Histologically, neutrophils were present within bronchioles and to a lesser extent within alveoli. Calves receiving highest doses of lysate had patchy areas of neutrophils, hemorrhage and hyaline membranes within alveoli. CONCLUSIONS: Aerosolization of bacterial lysate stimulated an innate immune response in lungs and airways, with alveolar damage observed at higher doses. Such a stimulus could be of value for investigating the effects of inducible innate immune responses on occurrence of disease, or for evaluating how stress, drugs or genetics affect these dynamic responses of the respiratory tract.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7260748
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-72607482020-06-07 Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves Bassel, Laura L. Co, Carmon Macdonald, Alaina Sly, Laurel McCandless, Erin E. Hewson, Joanne Tiwari, Raksha Sharif, Shayan Siracusa, Laura Clark, Mary Ellen Caswell, Jeff L. BMC Vet Res Research Article BACKGROUND: Constitutive and inducible defenses protect the respiratory tract from bacterial infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the response to an aerosolized lysate of killed bacteria, as a basis for studying the regulation and in vivo effects of these inducible innate immune responses. RESULTS: Bacterial lysate consisting of heat-killed and sonicated Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was aerosolized to 6 calves and systemic and pulmonary innate immune and inflammatory responses were measured in the first 24 h relative to baseline. Evaluated parameters included clinical parameters (body temperature and heart and respiratory rates), blood acute phase proteins and leukocyte counts, and leukocytes and proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mild clinical signs with increased heart rates and rectal temperatures developed following administration of the lysate, with resolution by 24 h. Serum haptoglobin and plasma fibrinogen concentrations were elevated at 24 h relative to baseline. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) had increased cellularity and increased proportion of neutrophils, as well as higher concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10 and total protein at 24 h relative to baseline. Mass spectrometry identified 965 unique proteins in BALF: 19 proteins were increased and 26 proteins were decreased relative to baseline. The upregulated proteins included those involved in innate immunity including activation of complement, neutrophils and platelets. At postmortem examination, calves receiving higher doses of lysate had areas of lobular consolidation and interlobular edema. Histologically, neutrophils were present within bronchioles and to a lesser extent within alveoli. Calves receiving highest doses of lysate had patchy areas of neutrophils, hemorrhage and hyaline membranes within alveoli. CONCLUSIONS: Aerosolization of bacterial lysate stimulated an innate immune response in lungs and airways, with alveolar damage observed at higher doses. Such a stimulus could be of value for investigating the effects of inducible innate immune responses on occurrence of disease, or for evaluating how stress, drugs or genetics affect these dynamic responses of the respiratory tract. BioMed Central 2020-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7260748/ /pubmed/32471444 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02383-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Bassel, Laura L.
Co, Carmon
Macdonald, Alaina
Sly, Laurel
McCandless, Erin E.
Hewson, Joanne
Tiwari, Raksha
Sharif, Shayan
Siracusa, Laura
Clark, Mary Ellen
Caswell, Jeff L.
Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves
title Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves
title_full Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves
title_fullStr Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves
title_full_unstemmed Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves
title_short Pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in calves
title_sort pulmonary and systemic responses to aerosolized lysate of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli in calves
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7260748/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32471444
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02383-7
work_keys_str_mv AT bassellaural pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT cocarmon pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT macdonaldalaina pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT slylaurel pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT mccandlesserine pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT hewsonjoanne pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT tiwariraksha pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT sharifshayan pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT siracusalaura pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT clarkmaryellen pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves
AT caswelljeffl pulmonaryandsystemicresponsestoaerosolizedlysateofstaphylococcusaureusandescherichiacoliincalves