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Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
BACKGROUND: Serious haze episodes have been a seasonal event in Chiang Mai province for more than a decade. In 2008, local government agencies introduced comprehensive measures to control haze and limit its impacts on public health. This study assessed the acute effects of ambient air pollutants on...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7261137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32518729 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9207 |
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author | Vajanapoom, Nitaya Kooncumchoo, Patcharee Thach, Thuan-Quoc |
author_facet | Vajanapoom, Nitaya Kooncumchoo, Patcharee Thach, Thuan-Quoc |
author_sort | Vajanapoom, Nitaya |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Serious haze episodes have been a seasonal event in Chiang Mai province for more than a decade. In 2008, local government agencies introduced comprehensive measures to control haze and limit its impacts on public health. This study assessed the acute effects of ambient air pollutants on all-cause mortality before and after the introduction of those haze control measures. METHODS: We obtained daily mortality counts and data on mass concentrations of particulate matter <10 micron in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)), gaseous pollutants (SO(2), NO(2), O(3), and CO), and meteorology in Chiang Mai Province between January 2002 and December 2016. We analyzed the data using a case-crossover approach adjusting for temperature, relative humidity, seasonality, and day-of-week. We assessed change in the excess risks of all-cause mortality associated with an increase in interquartile range (IQR) of pollutant concentration before and after control measures came into force. RESULTS: We found decreased PM(10) levels and markedly reduced excess risks of daily mortality associated with an IQR increase in PM(10) concentrations in the years after haze-control measures were implemented (2009–2016). We found mixed results for gaseous pollutants: SO(2) showed no significant change in excess risk of daily mortality throughout the study period, while NO(2) and CO showed significant excess risks only in the period 2012–2016, and 8-h maximum O(3) showed a decrease in excess risk despite an increase in its atmospheric levels after the introduction of haze control measures in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the government haze control measures first introduced in Chiang Mai province in 2008 have successfully reduced episodic PM(10) concentrations, which has led to a decrease in short-term all-cause mortality. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7261137 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72611372020-06-08 Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand Vajanapoom, Nitaya Kooncumchoo, Patcharee Thach, Thuan-Quoc PeerJ Epidemiology BACKGROUND: Serious haze episodes have been a seasonal event in Chiang Mai province for more than a decade. In 2008, local government agencies introduced comprehensive measures to control haze and limit its impacts on public health. This study assessed the acute effects of ambient air pollutants on all-cause mortality before and after the introduction of those haze control measures. METHODS: We obtained daily mortality counts and data on mass concentrations of particulate matter <10 micron in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)), gaseous pollutants (SO(2), NO(2), O(3), and CO), and meteorology in Chiang Mai Province between January 2002 and December 2016. We analyzed the data using a case-crossover approach adjusting for temperature, relative humidity, seasonality, and day-of-week. We assessed change in the excess risks of all-cause mortality associated with an increase in interquartile range (IQR) of pollutant concentration before and after control measures came into force. RESULTS: We found decreased PM(10) levels and markedly reduced excess risks of daily mortality associated with an IQR increase in PM(10) concentrations in the years after haze-control measures were implemented (2009–2016). We found mixed results for gaseous pollutants: SO(2) showed no significant change in excess risk of daily mortality throughout the study period, while NO(2) and CO showed significant excess risks only in the period 2012–2016, and 8-h maximum O(3) showed a decrease in excess risk despite an increase in its atmospheric levels after the introduction of haze control measures in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the government haze control measures first introduced in Chiang Mai province in 2008 have successfully reduced episodic PM(10) concentrations, which has led to a decrease in short-term all-cause mortality. PeerJ Inc. 2020-05-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7261137/ /pubmed/32518729 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9207 Text en ©2020 Vajanapoom et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Epidemiology Vajanapoom, Nitaya Kooncumchoo, Patcharee Thach, Thuan-Quoc Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
title | Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
title_full | Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
title_fullStr | Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
title_full_unstemmed | Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
title_short | Acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
title_sort | acute effects of air pollution on all-cause mortality: a natural experiment from haze control measures in chiang mai province, thailand |
topic | Epidemiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7261137/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32518729 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9207 |
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