The Endoscopic Approach to Lumbar Discectomy, Fusion, and Enhanced Recovery: A Review

STUDY DESIGN: Review. OBJECTIVES: To review the current state of endoscopic spine surgery with regard to discectomy, interbody fusion, and combination with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs in order to evaluate its relevance to the future of spine care. METHODS: A review of the literature and expert opinion is used to accomplish the objectives. RESULTS: The greatest strength of endoscopic spine surgery lies in its adherence to the basic tenets of minimally invasive surgery and its innate compatibility with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programs, which aim to improve outcomes and reduce health care costs. The greatest challenge faced is the unique surgical skill set and significant learning curve. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic spine surgery strives to achieve the core goals of minimally invasive surgery, while reducing cost and enhancing quality. In a healthcare market that is becoming increasingly burdened by cost and regulatory constraints, the utilization of endoscopy may become more widespread in the coming years.