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Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications

BACKGROUND: Clinical research and management of retinal diseases greatly depend on the interpretation of retinal images and often longitudinally collected images. Retinal images provide context for spatial data, namely the location of specific pathologies within the retina. Longitudinally collected...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Wenyue, Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi, Zheng, Yalin, Harding, Simon, Czanner, Gabriela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537517
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000479
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author Zhu, Wenyue
Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi
Zheng, Yalin
Harding, Simon
Czanner, Gabriela
author_facet Zhu, Wenyue
Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi
Zheng, Yalin
Harding, Simon
Czanner, Gabriela
author_sort Zhu, Wenyue
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Clinical research and management of retinal diseases greatly depend on the interpretation of retinal images and often longitudinally collected images. Retinal images provide context for spatial data, namely the location of specific pathologies within the retina. Longitudinally collected images can show how clinical events at one point can affect the retina over time. In this review, we aimed to assess statistical approaches to spatial and spatio-temporal data in retinal images. We also review the spatio-temporal modelling approaches used in other medical image types. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of both spatial or spatio-temporal approaches and non-spatial approaches to the statistical analysis of retinal images. The key methodological and clinical characteristics of published papers were extracted. We also investigated whether clinical variables and spatial correlation were accounted for in the analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-four papers that included retinal imaging data were identified for full-text information extraction. Only 11 (32.4%) papers used spatial or spatio-temporal statistical methods to analyse images, others (23 papers, 67.6%) used non-spatial methods. Twenty-eight (82.4%) papers reported images collected cross-sectionally, while 6 (17.6%) papers reported analyses on images collected longitudinally. In imaging areas outside of ophthalmology, 19 papers were identified with spatio-temporal analysis, and multiple statistical methods were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: In future statistical analyses of retinal images, it will be beneficial to clearly define and report the spatial distributions studied, report the spatial correlations, combine imaging data with clinical variables into analysis if available, and clearly state the software or packages used.
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spelling pubmed-72648372020-06-12 Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications Zhu, Wenyue Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi Zheng, Yalin Harding, Simon Czanner, Gabriela BMJ Open Ophthalmol Review BACKGROUND: Clinical research and management of retinal diseases greatly depend on the interpretation of retinal images and often longitudinally collected images. Retinal images provide context for spatial data, namely the location of specific pathologies within the retina. Longitudinally collected images can show how clinical events at one point can affect the retina over time. In this review, we aimed to assess statistical approaches to spatial and spatio-temporal data in retinal images. We also review the spatio-temporal modelling approaches used in other medical image types. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive literature review of both spatial or spatio-temporal approaches and non-spatial approaches to the statistical analysis of retinal images. The key methodological and clinical characteristics of published papers were extracted. We also investigated whether clinical variables and spatial correlation were accounted for in the analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-four papers that included retinal imaging data were identified for full-text information extraction. Only 11 (32.4%) papers used spatial or spatio-temporal statistical methods to analyse images, others (23 papers, 67.6%) used non-spatial methods. Twenty-eight (82.4%) papers reported images collected cross-sectionally, while 6 (17.6%) papers reported analyses on images collected longitudinally. In imaging areas outside of ophthalmology, 19 papers were identified with spatio-temporal analysis, and multiple statistical methods were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: In future statistical analyses of retinal images, it will be beneficial to clearly define and report the spatial distributions studied, report the spatial correlations, combine imaging data with clinical variables into analysis if available, and clearly state the software or packages used. BMJ Publishing Group 2020-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7264837/ /pubmed/32537517 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000479 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review
Zhu, Wenyue
Kolamunnage-Dona, Ruwanthi
Zheng, Yalin
Harding, Simon
Czanner, Gabriela
Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
title Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
title_full Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
title_fullStr Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
title_full_unstemmed Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
title_short Spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
title_sort spatial and spatio-temporal statistical analyses of retinal images: a review of methods and applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264837/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32537517
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000479
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