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Microbial degradation of steroid sex hormones: implications for environmental and ecological studies

Steroid hormones modulate development, reproduction and communication in eukaryotes. The widespread occurrence and persistence of steroid hormones have attracted public attention due to their endocrine‐disrupting effects on both wildlife and human beings. Bacteria are responsible for mineralizing st...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Chiang, Yin‐Ru, Wei, Sean Ting‐Shyang, Wang, Po‐Hsiang, Wu, Pei‐Hsun, Yu, Chang‐Ping
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7264893/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31668018
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13504
Descripción
Sumario:Steroid hormones modulate development, reproduction and communication in eukaryotes. The widespread occurrence and persistence of steroid hormones have attracted public attention due to their endocrine‐disrupting effects on both wildlife and human beings. Bacteria are responsible for mineralizing steroids from the biosphere. Aerobic degradation of steroid hormones relies on O(2) as a co‐substrate of oxygenases to activate and to cleave the recalcitrant steroidal core ring. To date, two oxygen‐dependent degradation pathways – the 9,10‐seco pathway for androgens and the 4,5‐seco pathways for oestrogens – have been characterized. Under anaerobic conditions, denitrifying bacteria adopt the 2,3‐seco pathway to degrade different steroid structures. Recent meta‐omics revealed that microorganisms able to degrade steroids are highly diverse and ubiquitous in different ecosystems. This review also summarizes culture‐independent approaches using the characteristic metabolites and catabolic genes to monitor steroid biodegradation in various ecosystems.