New Synthesis Route for Complex Borides; Rapid Synthesis of Thermoelectric Yttrium Aluminoboride via Liquid-Phase Assisted Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering

Y(x)Al(y)B(14) ceramics are of high interest as high temperature thermoelectric materials with excellent p, n control. In this study, direct synthesis of dense polycrystalline Y(x)Al(y)B(14) (x ~0.64, 0.52 ≤ y ≤ 0.67) ceramics was successfully carried out by spark plasma sintering using commercially available precursors. YB(4), AlB(2) and B powders were reactively sintered with an additive AlF(3) at 1773 K for 5–60 min in reduced Ar atmosphere. The sinterability was remarkably enhanced by liquid phase sintering comparing to conventional synthesis techniques. Phase composition analysis by X-ray diffraction showed that main peaks belong to Y(x)Al(y)B(14) with the MgAlB(14) structure type and no peaks of AlF(3) were detected. The thermoelectric behavior was changed from p-type to n-type with increasing Al occupancy. Power factor and ZT values measured in this study were found to be in the same range as the best values previously reported. This original synthesis process is found to be less precursor-consuming as compared to previous synthesis processes, and strikingly, less time-consuming, as the synthesis time, is shortened from 8 h to 5 min for p-type and to 1 h for n-type. The total process time is shortened from ≥3 days to ~4–5 h. This discovery opens the door for more accessible synthesis of complex borides.