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A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia)

Recent molecular phylogeny of deer revealed that the characters of antlers previously focused on are homoplasious, and antlers tend to be considered problematic for classification. However, we think antlers are important tools and reconsidered and analysed the characters and structures to use them f...

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Autores principales: Samejima, Yuusuke, Matsuoka, Hiroshige
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265483/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32488122
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64555-7
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author Samejima, Yuusuke
Matsuoka, Hiroshige
author_facet Samejima, Yuusuke
Matsuoka, Hiroshige
author_sort Samejima, Yuusuke
collection PubMed
description Recent molecular phylogeny of deer revealed that the characters of antlers previously focused on are homoplasious, and antlers tend to be considered problematic for classification. However, we think antlers are important tools and reconsidered and analysed the characters and structures to use them for classification. This study developed a method to describe the branching structure of antlers by using antler grooves, which are formed on the antlers by growth, and then projecting the position of the branching directions of tines on the burr circumference. By making diagrams, comparing the branching structure interspecifically, homologous elements (tines, beams, and processes) of the antlers of 25 species of 16 genera were determined. Subsequently, ancestral state reconstruction was performed on the fixed molecular phylogenetic tree. It was revealed that Capreolinae and Cervini gained respective three-pointed antlers independently, and their subclades gained synapomorphous tines. We found new homologous and synapomorphous characters, as the antler of Eld’s deer, which has been classified in Rucervus, is structurally close to that of Elaphurus rather than that of Rucervus, consistent with molecular phylogeny. The methods of this study will contribute to the understanding of the branching structure and phylogeny of fossil species and uncover the evolutionary history of Cervidae.
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spelling pubmed-72654832020-06-05 A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia) Samejima, Yuusuke Matsuoka, Hiroshige Sci Rep Article Recent molecular phylogeny of deer revealed that the characters of antlers previously focused on are homoplasious, and antlers tend to be considered problematic for classification. However, we think antlers are important tools and reconsidered and analysed the characters and structures to use them for classification. This study developed a method to describe the branching structure of antlers by using antler grooves, which are formed on the antlers by growth, and then projecting the position of the branching directions of tines on the burr circumference. By making diagrams, comparing the branching structure interspecifically, homologous elements (tines, beams, and processes) of the antlers of 25 species of 16 genera were determined. Subsequently, ancestral state reconstruction was performed on the fixed molecular phylogenetic tree. It was revealed that Capreolinae and Cervini gained respective three-pointed antlers independently, and their subclades gained synapomorphous tines. We found new homologous and synapomorphous characters, as the antler of Eld’s deer, which has been classified in Rucervus, is structurally close to that of Elaphurus rather than that of Rucervus, consistent with molecular phylogeny. The methods of this study will contribute to the understanding of the branching structure and phylogeny of fossil species and uncover the evolutionary history of Cervidae. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7265483/ /pubmed/32488122 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64555-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Samejima, Yuusuke
Matsuoka, Hiroshige
A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia)
title A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia)
title_full A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia)
title_fullStr A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia)
title_full_unstemmed A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia)
title_short A new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (Cervidae, Mammalia)
title_sort new viewpoint on antlers reveals the evolutionary history of deer (cervidae, mammalia)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7265483/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32488122
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64555-7
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