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Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review

High Frequency (HF) communications through ionospheric reflection is a widely used technique specifically for maritime, aeronautical, and emergency services communication with remote areas due to economic and management reasons, and also as backup system. Although long distance radio links can be es...

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Autores principales: Hervás, Marcos, Bergadà, Pau, Alsina-Pagès, Rosa Ma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7273218/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32353971
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092486
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author Hervás, Marcos
Bergadà, Pau
Alsina-Pagès, Rosa Ma
author_facet Hervás, Marcos
Bergadà, Pau
Alsina-Pagès, Rosa Ma
author_sort Hervás, Marcos
collection PubMed
description High Frequency (HF) communications through ionospheric reflection is a widely used technique specifically for maritime, aeronautical, and emergency services communication with remote areas due to economic and management reasons, and also as backup system. Although long distance radio links can be established beyond line-of-sight, the availability, the usable frequencies and the capacity of the channel depends on the state of the ionosphere. The main factors that affect the ionosphere are day-night, season, sunspot number, polar aurora and earth magnetic field. These effects impair the transmitted wave, which suffers attenuation, time and frequency dispersion. In order to increase the knowledge of this channel, the ionosphere has been sounded by means of narrowband and wideband waveforms by the research community all over the world in several research initiatives. This work intends to be a review of remarkable projects for vertical sounding with a world wide network and for oblique sounding for high latitude, mid latitude, and trans-equatorial latitude.
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spelling pubmed-72732182020-06-19 Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review Hervás, Marcos Bergadà, Pau Alsina-Pagès, Rosa Ma Sensors (Basel) Review High Frequency (HF) communications through ionospheric reflection is a widely used technique specifically for maritime, aeronautical, and emergency services communication with remote areas due to economic and management reasons, and also as backup system. Although long distance radio links can be established beyond line-of-sight, the availability, the usable frequencies and the capacity of the channel depends on the state of the ionosphere. The main factors that affect the ionosphere are day-night, season, sunspot number, polar aurora and earth magnetic field. These effects impair the transmitted wave, which suffers attenuation, time and frequency dispersion. In order to increase the knowledge of this channel, the ionosphere has been sounded by means of narrowband and wideband waveforms by the research community all over the world in several research initiatives. This work intends to be a review of remarkable projects for vertical sounding with a world wide network and for oblique sounding for high latitude, mid latitude, and trans-equatorial latitude. MDPI 2020-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7273218/ /pubmed/32353971 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092486 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Hervás, Marcos
Bergadà, Pau
Alsina-Pagès, Rosa Ma
Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review
title Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review
title_full Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review
title_fullStr Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review
title_short Ionospheric Narrowband and Wideband HF Soundings for Communications Purposes: A Review
title_sort ionospheric narrowband and wideband hf soundings for communications purposes: a review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7273218/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32353971
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092486
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