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Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire

Fear of water is the strongest predictor for no or low swimming competencies. Some individuals will never learn to swim due to their complete avoidance of water, whereas others might have difficulty with learning due to the fact that they cannot sufficiently relax their body to facilitate floating o...

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Autores principales: Misimi, Fatmir, Kajtna, Tanja, Misimi, Samir, Kapus, Jernej
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274019/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547447
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00969
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author Misimi, Fatmir
Kajtna, Tanja
Misimi, Samir
Kapus, Jernej
author_facet Misimi, Fatmir
Kajtna, Tanja
Misimi, Samir
Kapus, Jernej
author_sort Misimi, Fatmir
collection PubMed
description Fear of water is the strongest predictor for no or low swimming competencies. Some individuals will never learn to swim due to their complete avoidance of water, whereas others might have difficulty with learning due to the fact that they cannot sufficiently relax their body to facilitate floating or swimming. Therefore, it is important to identify these people and to establish effective teaching strategies that can best help this specific population. Recognizing this, there is a clear need for an assessment tool which can help swim teachers and coaches identify people with a fear of water. The study aimed to first develop and then validate a fear of water assessment questionnaire (FWAQ). 2074 male and female people participated in the creation of a 40-item questionnaire. The exploratory factor showed that a 3 factor solution including 20 items was most sensible – such a solution accounted for 31.69% of explained variance and the Cronbach’s alpha α was 0.831, which makes for a reliable enough solution. A subsequent discriminant function analysis correctly classified 98.2% of participants. We concluded that the findings from this study support that the FWAQ is a valid scale that effectively identify people with fear of water.
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spelling pubmed-72740192020-06-15 Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire Misimi, Fatmir Kajtna, Tanja Misimi, Samir Kapus, Jernej Front Psychol Psychology Fear of water is the strongest predictor for no or low swimming competencies. Some individuals will never learn to swim due to their complete avoidance of water, whereas others might have difficulty with learning due to the fact that they cannot sufficiently relax their body to facilitate floating or swimming. Therefore, it is important to identify these people and to establish effective teaching strategies that can best help this specific population. Recognizing this, there is a clear need for an assessment tool which can help swim teachers and coaches identify people with a fear of water. The study aimed to first develop and then validate a fear of water assessment questionnaire (FWAQ). 2074 male and female people participated in the creation of a 40-item questionnaire. The exploratory factor showed that a 3 factor solution including 20 items was most sensible – such a solution accounted for 31.69% of explained variance and the Cronbach’s alpha α was 0.831, which makes for a reliable enough solution. A subsequent discriminant function analysis correctly classified 98.2% of participants. We concluded that the findings from this study support that the FWAQ is a valid scale that effectively identify people with fear of water. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-05-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7274019/ /pubmed/32547447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00969 Text en Copyright © 2020 Misimi, Kajtna, Misimi and Kapus. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Misimi, Fatmir
Kajtna, Tanja
Misimi, Samir
Kapus, Jernej
Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire
title Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire
title_full Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire
title_fullStr Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire
title_full_unstemmed Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire
title_short Development and Validity of the Fear of Water Assessment Questionnaire
title_sort development and validity of the fear of water assessment questionnaire
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274019/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547447
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00969
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