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Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China

The proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road is an indicator of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9.1.1. This paper aims to calculate SDG indicator 9.1.1 in the proximity of five Algerian expressways. Three monitoring methods are proposed f...

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Autores principales: Jia, Zhanhai, Wu, Mingquan, Niu, Zheng, Tang, Bin, Mu, Yuxuan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274168/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547851
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8953
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author Jia, Zhanhai
Wu, Mingquan
Niu, Zheng
Tang, Bin
Mu, Yuxuan
author_facet Jia, Zhanhai
Wu, Mingquan
Niu, Zheng
Tang, Bin
Mu, Yuxuan
author_sort Jia, Zhanhai
collection PubMed
description The proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road is an indicator of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9.1.1. This paper aims to calculate SDG indicator 9.1.1 in the proximity of five Algerian expressways. Three monitoring methods are proposed for different spatial regions based on the five expressways built by China’s Belt and Road Initiative Project. These methods are based on remote sensing and WorldPop and The High Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL) population data. The results indicate that (1) the WorldPop population statistics show that the five expressways built by China’s Belt Project have increased the rural population of the 2 km buffer zone by 192,016 between the start of construction and eight years after its completion. By the end of 2019, the population increased by 329,291 accounting for 1.17% of the rural population. (2) Based on populations estimated form built-up index (NDBI) building areas, the rural populations within the 2 km buffer area of the Bejaia-Haniff Expressway in 2011, 2015, and 2019 were 273,118, 306,430, and 375,408, respectively. (3) HRSL population grid statistics indicate that, in 2015, the populations were: East-West Expressway = 911,549, Bejaia Expressway = 127,471, Tipaza Expressway = 71,411, North-South Expressway = 30,583, and Cherchell Ring Expressway = 41,657. (4) A visual interpretation method based on Google Earth imagery was used to count the number of buildings and number of building floors in the town of Tikhramtath. Based on the estimated population of each building and floor, the population of Tikhramtath town in 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2019 was estimated as 1,790, 2,785, 3,365, and 3,870, respectively. (5) Through analysis and accuracy assessment, the appropriate statistical methods for different regions were determined.
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spelling pubmed-72741682020-06-15 Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China Jia, Zhanhai Wu, Mingquan Niu, Zheng Tang, Bin Mu, Yuxuan PeerJ Environmental Impacts The proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road is an indicator of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 9.1.1. This paper aims to calculate SDG indicator 9.1.1 in the proximity of five Algerian expressways. Three monitoring methods are proposed for different spatial regions based on the five expressways built by China’s Belt and Road Initiative Project. These methods are based on remote sensing and WorldPop and The High Resolution Settlement Layer (HRSL) population data. The results indicate that (1) the WorldPop population statistics show that the five expressways built by China’s Belt Project have increased the rural population of the 2 km buffer zone by 192,016 between the start of construction and eight years after its completion. By the end of 2019, the population increased by 329,291 accounting for 1.17% of the rural population. (2) Based on populations estimated form built-up index (NDBI) building areas, the rural populations within the 2 km buffer area of the Bejaia-Haniff Expressway in 2011, 2015, and 2019 were 273,118, 306,430, and 375,408, respectively. (3) HRSL population grid statistics indicate that, in 2015, the populations were: East-West Expressway = 911,549, Bejaia Expressway = 127,471, Tipaza Expressway = 71,411, North-South Expressway = 30,583, and Cherchell Ring Expressway = 41,657. (4) A visual interpretation method based on Google Earth imagery was used to count the number of buildings and number of building floors in the town of Tikhramtath. Based on the estimated population of each building and floor, the population of Tikhramtath town in 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2019 was estimated as 1,790, 2,785, 3,365, and 3,870, respectively. (5) Through analysis and accuracy assessment, the appropriate statistical methods for different regions were determined. PeerJ Inc. 2020-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7274168/ /pubmed/32547851 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8953 Text en ©2020 Jia et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Environmental Impacts
Jia, Zhanhai
Wu, Mingquan
Niu, Zheng
Tang, Bin
Mu, Yuxuan
Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China
title Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China
title_full Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China
title_fullStr Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China
title_full_unstemmed Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China
title_short Monitoring of UN sustainable development goal SDG-9.1.1: study of Algerian “Belt and Road” expressways constructed by China
title_sort monitoring of un sustainable development goal sdg-9.1.1: study of algerian “belt and road” expressways constructed by china
topic Environmental Impacts
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7274168/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547851
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8953
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