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Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing approximately a third of all deaths every year. The greater part of these cases is represented by myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack as it is better known, which occurs when declining bloo...

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Autores principales: Ozaki Tan, Sho Joseph, Floriano, Juliana Ferreria, Nicastro, Laura, Emanueli, Costanza, Catapano, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7277090/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32370160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050707
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author Ozaki Tan, Sho Joseph
Floriano, Juliana Ferreria
Nicastro, Laura
Emanueli, Costanza
Catapano, Francesco
author_facet Ozaki Tan, Sho Joseph
Floriano, Juliana Ferreria
Nicastro, Laura
Emanueli, Costanza
Catapano, Francesco
author_sort Ozaki Tan, Sho Joseph
collection PubMed
description Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing approximately a third of all deaths every year. The greater part of these cases is represented by myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack as it is better known, which occurs when declining blood flow to the heart causes injury to cardiac tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that represent a promising vector for cell therapies that aim to treat MI due to their potent regenerative effects. However, it remains unclear the extent to which MSC-based therapies are able to induce regeneration in the heart and even less clear the degree to which clinical outcomes could be improved. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) known to have implications in intracellular communication, derived from MSCs (MSC-Exos), have recently emerged as a novel cell-free vector that is capable of conferring cardio-protection and regeneration in target cardiac cells. In this review, we assess the current state of research of MSC-Exos in the context of MI. In particular, we place emphasis on the mechanisms of action by which MSC-Exos accomplish their therapeutic effects, along with commentary on the current difficulties faced with exosome research and the ongoing clinical applications of stem-cell derived exosomes in different medical contexts.
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spelling pubmed-72770902020-06-15 Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics Ozaki Tan, Sho Joseph Floriano, Juliana Ferreria Nicastro, Laura Emanueli, Costanza Catapano, Francesco Biomolecules Review Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity globally, representing approximately a third of all deaths every year. The greater part of these cases is represented by myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack as it is better known, which occurs when declining blood flow to the heart causes injury to cardiac tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that represent a promising vector for cell therapies that aim to treat MI due to their potent regenerative effects. However, it remains unclear the extent to which MSC-based therapies are able to induce regeneration in the heart and even less clear the degree to which clinical outcomes could be improved. Exosomes, which are small extracellular vesicles (EVs) known to have implications in intracellular communication, derived from MSCs (MSC-Exos), have recently emerged as a novel cell-free vector that is capable of conferring cardio-protection and regeneration in target cardiac cells. In this review, we assess the current state of research of MSC-Exos in the context of MI. In particular, we place emphasis on the mechanisms of action by which MSC-Exos accomplish their therapeutic effects, along with commentary on the current difficulties faced with exosome research and the ongoing clinical applications of stem-cell derived exosomes in different medical contexts. MDPI 2020-05-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7277090/ /pubmed/32370160 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050707 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ozaki Tan, Sho Joseph
Floriano, Juliana Ferreria
Nicastro, Laura
Emanueli, Costanza
Catapano, Francesco
Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics
title Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics
title_full Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics
title_fullStr Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics
title_full_unstemmed Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics
title_short Novel Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics
title_sort novel applications of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for myocardial infarction therapeutics
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7277090/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32370160
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10050707
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