Consistency of Trans-Abdominal and Water-Immersion Ultrasound Images of Diseased Intestinal Segments in Crohn’s Disease

The aim of this study is to clarify whether trans-abdominal ultrasound (TAUS) can reflect actual intestinal conditions in Crohn’s disease (CD) as effectively as water-immersion ultrasound (WIUS) does. This retrospective study enrolled 29 CD patients with 113 intestinal lesions. Five ultrasound (US) parameters (distinct presence/indistinct presence/disappearance of wall stratification in the submucosal and mucosal layers; thickened submucosal layer; irregular mucosal surface; increased fat wrapping around the bowel wall; and fistula signs) that may indicate different states in CD were determined by TAUS and WIUS for the same lesion. Using WIUS as a reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TAUS were calculated. The degree of agreement between TAUS and WIUS was evaluated by the kappa coefficient. All US parameters of TAUS had an accuracy >70% (72.6–92.7%). The highest efficacy of TAUS was obtained for fistula signs (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values were 63.6%, 96.0%, and 92.7%, respectively). All US parameters between TAUS and WIUS had a definitive (p ≤ 0.001) and moderate-to-substantial consistency (kappa value = 0.446–0.615). The images of TAUS showed substantial similarity to those of WIUS, suggesting that TAUS may function as a substitute to evaluate the actual intestinal conditions of CD.