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Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, are a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, and have recently become a medical concern in temperate zones. Most flaviviruses are classified as zoonotic viruses. Human flavivi...

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Autores principales: Musso, Didier, Desprès, Philippe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7277941/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423058
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050302
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author Musso, Didier
Desprès, Philippe
author_facet Musso, Didier
Desprès, Philippe
author_sort Musso, Didier
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description Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, are a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, and have recently become a medical concern in temperate zones. Most flaviviruses are classified as zoonotic viruses. Human flavivirus infections can be asymptomatic, responsible for unspecific symptoms in the first few days following infection, or responsible for severe complications potentially resulting in death. During the first days following symptom onset, laboratory diagnosis of acute human flavivirus infection is mainly based on molecular detection of the viral genome by RT-PCR methods, followed by the capture of specific antibodies using serological tests after the first week of infection. The detection of antibodies that have virus neutralizing activity can be used to confirm flavivirus infection. However, human flavivirus infections induce the production of cross-reactive antibodies, often making serology inconclusive. Indeed, serological diagnosis of flavivirus infection can be hampered by a patient’s history of flavivirus exposure, particularly in regions where multiple antigenically related flaviviruses co-circulate. We focus our mini review on conventional immunoassays that allow the diagnosis of major flavivirus-associated human infections in basic, routine and high-profile central health centers; and the interpretation of diagnostic serology tests for patients living within different epidemiological situations.
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spelling pubmed-72779412020-06-12 Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections Musso, Didier Desprès, Philippe Diagnostics (Basel) Review Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family, are a major public health threat in tropical and subtropical regions, and have recently become a medical concern in temperate zones. Most flaviviruses are classified as zoonotic viruses. Human flavivirus infections can be asymptomatic, responsible for unspecific symptoms in the first few days following infection, or responsible for severe complications potentially resulting in death. During the first days following symptom onset, laboratory diagnosis of acute human flavivirus infection is mainly based on molecular detection of the viral genome by RT-PCR methods, followed by the capture of specific antibodies using serological tests after the first week of infection. The detection of antibodies that have virus neutralizing activity can be used to confirm flavivirus infection. However, human flavivirus infections induce the production of cross-reactive antibodies, often making serology inconclusive. Indeed, serological diagnosis of flavivirus infection can be hampered by a patient’s history of flavivirus exposure, particularly in regions where multiple antigenically related flaviviruses co-circulate. We focus our mini review on conventional immunoassays that allow the diagnosis of major flavivirus-associated human infections in basic, routine and high-profile central health centers; and the interpretation of diagnostic serology tests for patients living within different epidemiological situations. MDPI 2020-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7277941/ /pubmed/32423058 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050302 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Musso, Didier
Desprès, Philippe
Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections
title Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections
title_full Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections
title_fullStr Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections
title_full_unstemmed Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections
title_short Serological Diagnosis of Flavivirus-Associated Human Infections
title_sort serological diagnosis of flavivirus-associated human infections
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7277941/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32423058
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050302
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