Mobility and Invasion Related Gene Expression Patterns in Equine Sarcoid

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The current studies profiled the expression of five equine sarcoid cell genes related to cell mobility and invasion (cell cycle control binding protein alpha, coronin 1b, metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 and vimentin) and compared the expression of these genes in healthy skin fibroblasts. Cells were collected from healthy and sarcoid-affected skin biopsies obtained by a qualified veterinarian. Gene expression patterns were investigated under two different conditions of cell culture, with high and low availability of nutritional components in the culture medium. The results showed significant differences in the expression of the two analyzed genes (coronin 1b and vimentin) depending on culture conditions. The obtained results emphasize the complexity of the genomic background of sarcoids and indicate the importance of further research on genes related to the physiological changes that occur in sarcoids. ABSTRACT: Sarcoids are the most common skin neoplasm in the Equidae family. Sarcoids are benign, but may cause severe damage in affected animals. Due to the high risk of post-treatment recurrence and the lack of an effective method of treatment, it is reasonable to perform studies on the molecular aspects of this neoplasm. Therefore, the present studies analyzed five genes (cell cycle control binding protein alpha, coronin 1b, metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 and vimentin) related to cell mobility and invasion traits. Primary healthy fibroblasts and sarcoid cells were obtained from skin biopsies. Cell lines were cultured in two different medium types with different concentrations of foetal bovine serum (10% and 0.5% FBS) to study its influence on the analyzed genes. Gene expression was measured using the real-time PCR method. The results showed significant differences in two genes (coronin and vimentin) depending on culture conditions. In conclusion, the results enabled finding two new genes, related to cell motility and invasion traits, in which gene expression is deregulated. Results of the study may put new knowledge into the complexity of the genetic background of this disease and show the importance of further analysis on this subject.