Cargando…
Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens
More than 40% of harvested fruit is lost, largely due to decay. In parallel, restrictions on postharvest fungicides call for eco-friendly alternatives. Fruit’s natural resistance depends mainly on flavonoids and anthocyanins—which have antioxidant and antifungal activity—synthesized from the phenylp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7278716/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32443417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050646 |
_version_ | 1783543395772268544 |
---|---|
author | Kumar Patel, Manish Maurer, Dalia Feygenberg, Oleg Ovadia, Amos Elad, Yigal Oren-Shamir, Michal Alkan, Noam |
author_facet | Kumar Patel, Manish Maurer, Dalia Feygenberg, Oleg Ovadia, Amos Elad, Yigal Oren-Shamir, Michal Alkan, Noam |
author_sort | Kumar Patel, Manish |
collection | PubMed |
description | More than 40% of harvested fruit is lost, largely due to decay. In parallel, restrictions on postharvest fungicides call for eco-friendly alternatives. Fruit’s natural resistance depends mainly on flavonoids and anthocyanins—which have antioxidant and antifungal activity—synthesized from the phenylpropanoid pathway with phenylalanine as a precursor. We hypothesized that phenylalanine could induce fruit’s natural defense response and tolerance to fungal pathogens. The postharvest application of phenylalanine to mango and avocado fruit reduced anthracnose and stem-end rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, respectively. The postharvest application of phenylalanine to citrus fruit reduced green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum. The optimal phenylalanine concentrations for postharvest application were 6 mM for citrus fruits and 8 mM for mangoes and avocadoes. The preharvest application of phenylalanine to strawberries, mangoes, and citrus fruits also reduced postharvest decay. Interestingly, citrus fruit resistance to P. digitatum inoculated immediately after phenylalanine application was not improved, whereas inoculation performed 2 days after phenylalanine treatment induced the defense response. Five hours after the treatment, no phenylalanine residue was detected on/in the fruit, probably due to rapid phenylalanine metabolism. Additionally, in vitro testing showed no inhibitory effect of phenylalanine on conidial germination. Altogether, we characterized a new inducer of the fruit defense response—phenylalanine. Preharvest or postharvest application to fruit led to the inhibition of fungal pathogen-induced postharvest decay, suggesting that the application of phenylalanine could become an eco-friendly and healthy alternative to fungicides. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7278716 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72787162020-06-12 Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens Kumar Patel, Manish Maurer, Dalia Feygenberg, Oleg Ovadia, Amos Elad, Yigal Oren-Shamir, Michal Alkan, Noam Foods Article More than 40% of harvested fruit is lost, largely due to decay. In parallel, restrictions on postharvest fungicides call for eco-friendly alternatives. Fruit’s natural resistance depends mainly on flavonoids and anthocyanins—which have antioxidant and antifungal activity—synthesized from the phenylpropanoid pathway with phenylalanine as a precursor. We hypothesized that phenylalanine could induce fruit’s natural defense response and tolerance to fungal pathogens. The postharvest application of phenylalanine to mango and avocado fruit reduced anthracnose and stem-end rot caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia theobromae, respectively. The postharvest application of phenylalanine to citrus fruit reduced green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum. The optimal phenylalanine concentrations for postharvest application were 6 mM for citrus fruits and 8 mM for mangoes and avocadoes. The preharvest application of phenylalanine to strawberries, mangoes, and citrus fruits also reduced postharvest decay. Interestingly, citrus fruit resistance to P. digitatum inoculated immediately after phenylalanine application was not improved, whereas inoculation performed 2 days after phenylalanine treatment induced the defense response. Five hours after the treatment, no phenylalanine residue was detected on/in the fruit, probably due to rapid phenylalanine metabolism. Additionally, in vitro testing showed no inhibitory effect of phenylalanine on conidial germination. Altogether, we characterized a new inducer of the fruit defense response—phenylalanine. Preharvest or postharvest application to fruit led to the inhibition of fungal pathogen-induced postharvest decay, suggesting that the application of phenylalanine could become an eco-friendly and healthy alternative to fungicides. MDPI 2020-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC7278716/ /pubmed/32443417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050646 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kumar Patel, Manish Maurer, Dalia Feygenberg, Oleg Ovadia, Amos Elad, Yigal Oren-Shamir, Michal Alkan, Noam Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens |
title | Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens |
title_full | Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens |
title_fullStr | Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens |
title_full_unstemmed | Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens |
title_short | Phenylalanine: A Promising Inducer of Fruit Resistance to Postharvest Pathogens |
title_sort | phenylalanine: a promising inducer of fruit resistance to postharvest pathogens |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7278716/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32443417 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9050646 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kumarpatelmanish phenylalanineapromisinginduceroffruitresistancetopostharvestpathogens AT maurerdalia phenylalanineapromisinginduceroffruitresistancetopostharvestpathogens AT feygenbergoleg phenylalanineapromisinginduceroffruitresistancetopostharvestpathogens AT ovadiaamos phenylalanineapromisinginduceroffruitresistancetopostharvestpathogens AT eladyigal phenylalanineapromisinginduceroffruitresistancetopostharvestpathogens AT orenshamirmichal phenylalanineapromisinginduceroffruitresistancetopostharvestpathogens AT alkannoam phenylalanineapromisinginduceroffruitresistancetopostharvestpathogens |