Cargando…

Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?

Empirical evidence of immune priming in arthropods keeps growing, both at the within- and trans-generational level. The evidence comes mostly from work on insects and it remains unclear for some other arthropods whether exposure to a non-lethal dose of a pathogen provides protection during a second...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gálvez, Dumas, Añino, Yostin, Vega, Carlos, Bonilla, Eleodoro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7278890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547885
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9285
_version_ 1783543436601720832
author Gálvez, Dumas
Añino, Yostin
Vega, Carlos
Bonilla, Eleodoro
author_facet Gálvez, Dumas
Añino, Yostin
Vega, Carlos
Bonilla, Eleodoro
author_sort Gálvez, Dumas
collection PubMed
description Empirical evidence of immune priming in arthropods keeps growing, both at the within- and trans-generational level. The evidence comes mostly from work on insects and it remains unclear for some other arthropods whether exposure to a non-lethal dose of a pathogen provides protection during a second exposure with a lethal dose. A poorly investigated group are arachnids, with regard to the benefits of immune priming measured as improved survival. Here, we investigated immune priming in two arachnids: the wolf spider Lycosa cerrofloresiana and the scorpion Centruroides granosus. We injected a third of the individuals with lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli (LPS, an immune elicitor), another third were injected with the control solution (PBS) and the other third were kept naive. Four days after the first inoculations, we challenged half of the individuals of each group with an injection of a high dose of E. coli and the other half was treated with the control solution. For scorpions, individuals that were initially injected with PBS or LPS did not differ in their survival rates against the bacterial challenge. Individuals injected with LPS showed higher survival than that of naive individuals as evidence of immune priming. Individuals injected with PBS tended to show higher survival rates than naive individuals, but the difference was not significant—perhaps suggesting a general immune upregulation caused by the wounding done by the needle. For spiders, we did not observe evidence of priming, the bacterial challenge reduced the survival of naive, PBS and LPS individuals at similar rates. Moreover; for scorpions, we performed antibacterial assays of hemolymph samples from the three priming treatments (LPS, PBS and naive) and found that the three treatments reduced bacterial growth but without differences among treatments. As non-model organisms, with some unique differences in their immunological mechanisms as compared to the most studied arthropods (insects), arachnids provide an unexplored field to elucidate the evolution of immune systems.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7278890
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher PeerJ Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-72788902020-06-15 Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions? Gálvez, Dumas Añino, Yostin Vega, Carlos Bonilla, Eleodoro PeerJ Ecology Empirical evidence of immune priming in arthropods keeps growing, both at the within- and trans-generational level. The evidence comes mostly from work on insects and it remains unclear for some other arthropods whether exposure to a non-lethal dose of a pathogen provides protection during a second exposure with a lethal dose. A poorly investigated group are arachnids, with regard to the benefits of immune priming measured as improved survival. Here, we investigated immune priming in two arachnids: the wolf spider Lycosa cerrofloresiana and the scorpion Centruroides granosus. We injected a third of the individuals with lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli (LPS, an immune elicitor), another third were injected with the control solution (PBS) and the other third were kept naive. Four days after the first inoculations, we challenged half of the individuals of each group with an injection of a high dose of E. coli and the other half was treated with the control solution. For scorpions, individuals that were initially injected with PBS or LPS did not differ in their survival rates against the bacterial challenge. Individuals injected with LPS showed higher survival than that of naive individuals as evidence of immune priming. Individuals injected with PBS tended to show higher survival rates than naive individuals, but the difference was not significant—perhaps suggesting a general immune upregulation caused by the wounding done by the needle. For spiders, we did not observe evidence of priming, the bacterial challenge reduced the survival of naive, PBS and LPS individuals at similar rates. Moreover; for scorpions, we performed antibacterial assays of hemolymph samples from the three priming treatments (LPS, PBS and naive) and found that the three treatments reduced bacterial growth but without differences among treatments. As non-model organisms, with some unique differences in their immunological mechanisms as compared to the most studied arthropods (insects), arachnids provide an unexplored field to elucidate the evolution of immune systems. PeerJ Inc. 2020-06-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7278890/ /pubmed/32547885 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9285 Text en ©2020 Gálvez et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) , which permits using, remixing, and building upon the work non-commercially, as long as it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Ecology
Gálvez, Dumas
Añino, Yostin
Vega, Carlos
Bonilla, Eleodoro
Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
title Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
title_full Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
title_fullStr Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
title_full_unstemmed Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
title_short Immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
title_sort immune priming against bacteria in spiders and scorpions?
topic Ecology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7278890/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32547885
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9285
work_keys_str_mv AT galvezdumas immuneprimingagainstbacteriainspidersandscorpions
AT aninoyostin immuneprimingagainstbacteriainspidersandscorpions
AT vegacarlos immuneprimingagainstbacteriainspidersandscorpions
AT bonillaeleodoro immuneprimingagainstbacteriainspidersandscorpions