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Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels
OBJECTIVES: To compare the appendiceal microbiomes and examine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in the appendices of adult subjects with confirmed acute non-perforated appendicitis and controls with healthy appendices. DESIGN: Archived samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded appendiceal t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7279619/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000412 |
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author | Oh, Sun Jung Pimentel, Maya Leite, Gabriela G S Celly, Shreya Villanueva-Millan, Maria Jesus Lacsina, Isabela Chuang, Brennan Parodi, Gonzalo Morales, Walter Weitsman, Stacy Singer-Englar, Tahli Barlow, Gillian M Zhai, Jing Pichestshote, Nipaporn Rezaie, Ali Mathur, Ruchi Pimentel, Mark |
author_facet | Oh, Sun Jung Pimentel, Maya Leite, Gabriela G S Celly, Shreya Villanueva-Millan, Maria Jesus Lacsina, Isabela Chuang, Brennan Parodi, Gonzalo Morales, Walter Weitsman, Stacy Singer-Englar, Tahli Barlow, Gillian M Zhai, Jing Pichestshote, Nipaporn Rezaie, Ali Mathur, Ruchi Pimentel, Mark |
author_sort | Oh, Sun Jung |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: To compare the appendiceal microbiomes and examine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in the appendices of adult subjects with confirmed acute non-perforated appendicitis and controls with healthy appendices. DESIGN: Archived samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded appendiceal tissues were obtained from 50 consecutive female subjects who underwent appendectomy for acute, non-perforated appendicitis, and 35 consecutive female controls who underwent incidental appendectomy during gynaecological surgery. RESULTS: 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the relative abundances (RAs) of the major phyla in appendiceal tissues (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria) were similar in both groups. Beta diversity was significantly different due to differences in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (p<0.0001). Within Proteobacteria, RAs of classes Alphaproteobacteria (~21%, fold change (FC)=1.31, false discovery rate (FDR) p value=0.03) and Epsilonproteobacteria (~1%, FC=0.25, FDR p value>0.05) were increased in acute appendicitis samples. RAs of unknown genera from families Burkholderiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were decreased in appendicitis samples, and 14 genera were increased, including Neisseria, Acinetobacter and Campylobacter. Quantitative PCR revealed that levels of Campylobacter jejuni DNA, but not other Campylobacter species or pathogens tested, were significantly higher in appendicitis samples than in controls (p=0.013). Using a cut-off of 0.31 pg/µL, 40% of appendicitis cases and 6% of controls were positive for C. jejuni, indicating specificity of 93.7% (95% Cl 79.2 to 99.2), sensitivity of 40.9% (95% Cl 24.7 to 54.5), and OR of 10.38 (Fisher’s p value=0.0006, 95% Cl 2.3 to 47.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that Campylobacter jejuni may be a significant cause of acute appendicitis. This supports earlier studies and suggests that targeted antibiotic therapies could be an alternative treatment for a subset of non-complicated acute appendicitis cases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7279619 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72796192020-06-15 Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels Oh, Sun Jung Pimentel, Maya Leite, Gabriela G S Celly, Shreya Villanueva-Millan, Maria Jesus Lacsina, Isabela Chuang, Brennan Parodi, Gonzalo Morales, Walter Weitsman, Stacy Singer-Englar, Tahli Barlow, Gillian M Zhai, Jing Pichestshote, Nipaporn Rezaie, Ali Mathur, Ruchi Pimentel, Mark BMJ Open Gastroenterol Gut Microbiota OBJECTIVES: To compare the appendiceal microbiomes and examine the prevalence of Campylobacter species in the appendices of adult subjects with confirmed acute non-perforated appendicitis and controls with healthy appendices. DESIGN: Archived samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded appendiceal tissues were obtained from 50 consecutive female subjects who underwent appendectomy for acute, non-perforated appendicitis, and 35 consecutive female controls who underwent incidental appendectomy during gynaecological surgery. RESULTS: 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the relative abundances (RAs) of the major phyla in appendiceal tissues (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria) were similar in both groups. Beta diversity was significantly different due to differences in Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria (p<0.0001). Within Proteobacteria, RAs of classes Alphaproteobacteria (~21%, fold change (FC)=1.31, false discovery rate (FDR) p value=0.03) and Epsilonproteobacteria (~1%, FC=0.25, FDR p value>0.05) were increased in acute appendicitis samples. RAs of unknown genera from families Burkholderiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were decreased in appendicitis samples, and 14 genera were increased, including Neisseria, Acinetobacter and Campylobacter. Quantitative PCR revealed that levels of Campylobacter jejuni DNA, but not other Campylobacter species or pathogens tested, were significantly higher in appendicitis samples than in controls (p=0.013). Using a cut-off of 0.31 pg/µL, 40% of appendicitis cases and 6% of controls were positive for C. jejuni, indicating specificity of 93.7% (95% Cl 79.2 to 99.2), sensitivity of 40.9% (95% Cl 24.7 to 54.5), and OR of 10.38 (Fisher’s p value=0.0006, 95% Cl 2.3 to 47.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that Campylobacter jejuni may be a significant cause of acute appendicitis. This supports earlier studies and suggests that targeted antibiotic therapies could be an alternative treatment for a subset of non-complicated acute appendicitis cases. BMJ Publishing Group 2020-06-03 /pmc/articles/PMC7279619/ /pubmed/32499276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000412 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Gut Microbiota Oh, Sun Jung Pimentel, Maya Leite, Gabriela G S Celly, Shreya Villanueva-Millan, Maria Jesus Lacsina, Isabela Chuang, Brennan Parodi, Gonzalo Morales, Walter Weitsman, Stacy Singer-Englar, Tahli Barlow, Gillian M Zhai, Jing Pichestshote, Nipaporn Rezaie, Ali Mathur, Ruchi Pimentel, Mark Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels |
title | Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels |
title_full | Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels |
title_fullStr | Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels |
title_full_unstemmed | Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels |
title_short | Acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated Campylobacter jejuni levels |
title_sort | acute appendicitis is associated with appendiceal microbiome changes including elevated campylobacter jejuni levels |
topic | Gut Microbiota |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7279619/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32499276 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000412 |
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