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Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry
Theory predicts that the plastic expression of sex-traits should be modulated not only by their production costs but also by the benefits derived from the presence of rivals and mates, yet there is a paucity of evidence for an adaptive response of sex-trait expression to social environment. We studi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280183/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32514059 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65578-w |
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author | Carranza, Juan Pérez-Barbería, Javier Mateos, Concha Alarcos, Susana Torres-Porras, Jerónimo Pérez-González, Javier Sánchez-Prieto, Cristina B. Valencia, Juliana Castillo, Leticia de la Peña, Eva Barja, Isabel Seoane, José M. Reglero, Manuel M. Flores, Antonio Membrillo, Alberto |
author_facet | Carranza, Juan Pérez-Barbería, Javier Mateos, Concha Alarcos, Susana Torres-Porras, Jerónimo Pérez-González, Javier Sánchez-Prieto, Cristina B. Valencia, Juliana Castillo, Leticia de la Peña, Eva Barja, Isabel Seoane, José M. Reglero, Manuel M. Flores, Antonio Membrillo, Alberto |
author_sort | Carranza, Juan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Theory predicts that the plastic expression of sex-traits should be modulated not only by their production costs but also by the benefits derived from the presence of rivals and mates, yet there is a paucity of evidence for an adaptive response of sex-trait expression to social environment. We studied antler size, a costly and plastic sex trait, and tooth wear, a trait related to food intake and longevity, in over 4,000 male Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from 56 wild populations characterized by two contrasting management practices that affect male age structure and adult sex-ratio. As a consequence, these populations exhibit high and low levels of male-male competition for mating opportunities. We hypothesized that males under conditions of low intra-sexual competition would develop smaller antlers, after controlling for body size and age, than males under conditions of high intra-sexual competition, thus reducing energy demands (i.e. reducing intake and food comminution), and as a consequence, leading to less tooth wear and a concomitant longer potential lifespan. Our results supported these predictions. To reject possible uncontrolled factors that may have occurred in the wild populations, we carried out an experimental design on red deer in captivity, placing males in separate plots with females or with rival males during the period of antler growth. Males living with rivals grew larger antlers than males living in a female environment, which corroborates the results found in the wild populations. As far as we know, these results show, for the first time, the modulation of a sexual trait and its costs on longevity conditional upon the level of intra-sexual competition. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7280183 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72801832020-06-15 Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry Carranza, Juan Pérez-Barbería, Javier Mateos, Concha Alarcos, Susana Torres-Porras, Jerónimo Pérez-González, Javier Sánchez-Prieto, Cristina B. Valencia, Juliana Castillo, Leticia de la Peña, Eva Barja, Isabel Seoane, José M. Reglero, Manuel M. Flores, Antonio Membrillo, Alberto Sci Rep Article Theory predicts that the plastic expression of sex-traits should be modulated not only by their production costs but also by the benefits derived from the presence of rivals and mates, yet there is a paucity of evidence for an adaptive response of sex-trait expression to social environment. We studied antler size, a costly and plastic sex trait, and tooth wear, a trait related to food intake and longevity, in over 4,000 male Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) from 56 wild populations characterized by two contrasting management practices that affect male age structure and adult sex-ratio. As a consequence, these populations exhibit high and low levels of male-male competition for mating opportunities. We hypothesized that males under conditions of low intra-sexual competition would develop smaller antlers, after controlling for body size and age, than males under conditions of high intra-sexual competition, thus reducing energy demands (i.e. reducing intake and food comminution), and as a consequence, leading to less tooth wear and a concomitant longer potential lifespan. Our results supported these predictions. To reject possible uncontrolled factors that may have occurred in the wild populations, we carried out an experimental design on red deer in captivity, placing males in separate plots with females or with rival males during the period of antler growth. Males living with rivals grew larger antlers than males living in a female environment, which corroborates the results found in the wild populations. As far as we know, these results show, for the first time, the modulation of a sexual trait and its costs on longevity conditional upon the level of intra-sexual competition. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-06-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7280183/ /pubmed/32514059 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65578-w Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Carranza, Juan Pérez-Barbería, Javier Mateos, Concha Alarcos, Susana Torres-Porras, Jerónimo Pérez-González, Javier Sánchez-Prieto, Cristina B. Valencia, Juliana Castillo, Leticia de la Peña, Eva Barja, Isabel Seoane, José M. Reglero, Manuel M. Flores, Antonio Membrillo, Alberto Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry |
title | Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry |
title_full | Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry |
title_fullStr | Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry |
title_full_unstemmed | Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry |
title_short | Social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry |
title_sort | social environment modulates investment in sex trait versus lifespan: red deer produce bigger antlers when facing more rivalry |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7280183/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32514059 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65578-w |
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