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Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites
Freshwater microbialites (i.e., lithifying microbial mats) are quite rare in northern latitudes of the North American continent, with two lakes (Pavilion and Kelly Lakes) of southeastern BC containing a morphological variety of such structures. We investigated Kelly Lake microbialites using carbon i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7281397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10050066 |
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author | White, Richard Allen Soles, Sarah A. Brady, Allyson L. Southam, Gordon Lim, Darlene S.S. Slater, Greg F. |
author_facet | White, Richard Allen Soles, Sarah A. Brady, Allyson L. Southam, Gordon Lim, Darlene S.S. Slater, Greg F. |
author_sort | White, Richard Allen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Freshwater microbialites (i.e., lithifying microbial mats) are quite rare in northern latitudes of the North American continent, with two lakes (Pavilion and Kelly Lakes) of southeastern BC containing a morphological variety of such structures. We investigated Kelly Lake microbialites using carbon isotope systematics, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and quantitative PCR to obtain biosignatures associated with microbial metabolism. δ(13)C(DIC) values (mean δ(13)C(DIC) −4.9 ± 1.1‰, n = 8) were not in isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere; however, they do indicate (13)C-depleted inorganic carbon into Kelly Lake. The values of carbonates on microbialite surfaces (δ(13)C) fell within the range predicted for equilibrium precipitation from ambient lake water δ(13)C(DIC) (−2.2 to −5.3‰). Deep microbialites (26 m) had an enriched δ(13)C(carb) value of −0.3 ± 0.5‰, which is a signature of photoautotrophy. The deeper microbialites (>20 m) had higher biomass estimates (via PLFAs), and a greater relative abundance of cyanobacteria (measured by 16S copies via qPCR). The majority of PLFAs constituted monounsaturated and saturated PLFAs, which is consistent with gram-negative bacteria, including cyanobacteria. The central PLFA δ(13)C values were highly depleted (−9.3 to −15.7‰) relative to δ(13)C values of bulk organic matter, suggesting a predominance of photoautotrophy. A heterotrophic signature was also detected via the depleted iso- and anteiso-15:0 lipids (−3.2 to −5.2‰). Based on our carbonate isotopic biosignatures, PLFA, and qPCR measurements, photoautotrophy is enriched in the microbialites of Kelly Lake. This photoautotrophy enrichment is consistent with the microbialites of neighboring Pavilion Lake. This indication of photoautotrophy within Kelly Lake at its deepest depths raises new insights into the limits of measurable carbonate isotopic biosignatures under light and nutrient limitations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7281397 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72813972020-06-19 Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites White, Richard Allen Soles, Sarah A. Brady, Allyson L. Southam, Gordon Lim, Darlene S.S. Slater, Greg F. Life (Basel) Article Freshwater microbialites (i.e., lithifying microbial mats) are quite rare in northern latitudes of the North American continent, with two lakes (Pavilion and Kelly Lakes) of southeastern BC containing a morphological variety of such structures. We investigated Kelly Lake microbialites using carbon isotope systematics, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and quantitative PCR to obtain biosignatures associated with microbial metabolism. δ(13)C(DIC) values (mean δ(13)C(DIC) −4.9 ± 1.1‰, n = 8) were not in isotopic equilibrium with the atmosphere; however, they do indicate (13)C-depleted inorganic carbon into Kelly Lake. The values of carbonates on microbialite surfaces (δ(13)C) fell within the range predicted for equilibrium precipitation from ambient lake water δ(13)C(DIC) (−2.2 to −5.3‰). Deep microbialites (26 m) had an enriched δ(13)C(carb) value of −0.3 ± 0.5‰, which is a signature of photoautotrophy. The deeper microbialites (>20 m) had higher biomass estimates (via PLFAs), and a greater relative abundance of cyanobacteria (measured by 16S copies via qPCR). The majority of PLFAs constituted monounsaturated and saturated PLFAs, which is consistent with gram-negative bacteria, including cyanobacteria. The central PLFA δ(13)C values were highly depleted (−9.3 to −15.7‰) relative to δ(13)C values of bulk organic matter, suggesting a predominance of photoautotrophy. A heterotrophic signature was also detected via the depleted iso- and anteiso-15:0 lipids (−3.2 to −5.2‰). Based on our carbonate isotopic biosignatures, PLFA, and qPCR measurements, photoautotrophy is enriched in the microbialites of Kelly Lake. This photoautotrophy enrichment is consistent with the microbialites of neighboring Pavilion Lake. This indication of photoautotrophy within Kelly Lake at its deepest depths raises new insights into the limits of measurable carbonate isotopic biosignatures under light and nutrient limitations. MDPI 2020-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC7281397/ /pubmed/32429118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10050066 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article White, Richard Allen Soles, Sarah A. Brady, Allyson L. Southam, Gordon Lim, Darlene S.S. Slater, Greg F. Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
title | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
title_full | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
title_fullStr | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
title_full_unstemmed | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
title_short | Biosignatures Associated with Freshwater Microbialites |
title_sort | biosignatures associated with freshwater microbialites |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7281397/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32429118 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10050066 |
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