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Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination

Gene therapy with viral vectors has significantly advanced in the past few decades, with adenovirus being one of the most commonly employed vectors for cancer gene therapy. Adenovirus vectors can be divided into 2 groups: (1) replication-deficient viruses; and (2) replication-competent, oncolytic (O...

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Autores principales: Sato-Dahlman, Mizuho, LaRocca, Christopher J., Yanagiba, Chikako, Yamamoto, Masato
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7281656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32455560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051295
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author Sato-Dahlman, Mizuho
LaRocca, Christopher J.
Yanagiba, Chikako
Yamamoto, Masato
author_facet Sato-Dahlman, Mizuho
LaRocca, Christopher J.
Yanagiba, Chikako
Yamamoto, Masato
author_sort Sato-Dahlman, Mizuho
collection PubMed
description Gene therapy with viral vectors has significantly advanced in the past few decades, with adenovirus being one of the most commonly employed vectors for cancer gene therapy. Adenovirus vectors can be divided into 2 groups: (1) replication-deficient viruses; and (2) replication-competent, oncolytic (OVs) viruses. Replication-deficient adenoviruses have been explored as vaccine carriers and gene therapy vectors. Oncolytic adenoviruses are designed to selectively target, replicate, and directly destroy cancer cells. Additionally, virus-mediated cell lysis releases tumor antigens and induces local inflammation (e.g., immunogenic cell death), which contributes significantly to the reversal of local immune suppression and development of antitumor immune responses (“cold” tumor into “hot” tumor). There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the host immune response may provide a critical boost for the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. Additionally, genetic engineering of oncolytic viruses allows local expression of immune therapeutics, thereby reducing related toxicities. Therefore, the combination of oncolytic virus and immunotherapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on adenovirus-based vectors and discuss recent progress in combination therapy of adenoviruses with immunotherapy in preclinical and clinical studies.
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spelling pubmed-72816562020-06-17 Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination Sato-Dahlman, Mizuho LaRocca, Christopher J. Yanagiba, Chikako Yamamoto, Masato Cancers (Basel) Review Gene therapy with viral vectors has significantly advanced in the past few decades, with adenovirus being one of the most commonly employed vectors for cancer gene therapy. Adenovirus vectors can be divided into 2 groups: (1) replication-deficient viruses; and (2) replication-competent, oncolytic (OVs) viruses. Replication-deficient adenoviruses have been explored as vaccine carriers and gene therapy vectors. Oncolytic adenoviruses are designed to selectively target, replicate, and directly destroy cancer cells. Additionally, virus-mediated cell lysis releases tumor antigens and induces local inflammation (e.g., immunogenic cell death), which contributes significantly to the reversal of local immune suppression and development of antitumor immune responses (“cold” tumor into “hot” tumor). There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the host immune response may provide a critical boost for the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. Additionally, genetic engineering of oncolytic viruses allows local expression of immune therapeutics, thereby reducing related toxicities. Therefore, the combination of oncolytic virus and immunotherapy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on adenovirus-based vectors and discuss recent progress in combination therapy of adenoviruses with immunotherapy in preclinical and clinical studies. MDPI 2020-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC7281656/ /pubmed/32455560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051295 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Sato-Dahlman, Mizuho
LaRocca, Christopher J.
Yanagiba, Chikako
Yamamoto, Masato
Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination
title Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination
title_full Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination
title_fullStr Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination
title_full_unstemmed Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination
title_short Adenovirus and Immunotherapy: Advancing Cancer Treatment by Combination
title_sort adenovirus and immunotherapy: advancing cancer treatment by combination
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7281656/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32455560
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051295
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