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MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice
The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein fr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32397649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050441 |
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author | Kim, Hye-Jung Kwak, Hye Won Kang, Kyung Won Bang, Yoo-Jin Lee, Yu-Sun Park, Hyeong-Jun Kim, Jae-Yong Park, Hyo-Jung Hwang, Kyung-Ah Lee, Sang-Myeong Nam, Jae-Hwan |
author_facet | Kim, Hye-Jung Kwak, Hye Won Kang, Kyung Won Bang, Yoo-Jin Lee, Yu-Sun Park, Hyeong-Jun Kim, Jae-Yong Park, Hyo-Jung Hwang, Kyung-Ah Lee, Sang-Myeong Nam, Jae-Hwan |
author_sort | Kim, Hye-Jung |
collection | PubMed |
description | The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus and inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in combination with a single-stranded RNA adjuvant—administered through various routes (intramuscular, intradermal, and intranasal) to BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization with the RNA adjuvant-formulated spike protein elicited the highest humoral immune response, characterized by IgG1 and neutralizing antibody production. Although intranasal immunization did not elicit a humoral response, it showed extensive T-cell activation through large-scale induction of interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-secreting cells, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, only intranasal immunization induced IgA production. When immunized with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administration of the RNA adjuvant via all routes led to protection after viral challenge, regardless of the presence of a vaccine-specific antibody. Therefore, the inoculation route should depend on the type of immune response needed; i.e., the intramuscular route is suitable for eliciting a humoral immune response, whereas the intranasal route is useful for T-cell activation and IgA induction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7284860 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72848602020-06-17 MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice Kim, Hye-Jung Kwak, Hye Won Kang, Kyung Won Bang, Yoo-Jin Lee, Yu-Sun Park, Hyeong-Jun Kim, Jae-Yong Park, Hyo-Jung Hwang, Kyung-Ah Lee, Sang-Myeong Nam, Jae-Hwan Pharmaceutics Article The effectiveness of vaccines is enhanced by adding adjuvants. Furthermore, the selection of an inoculation route depends on the type of adjuvant used and is important for achieving optimum vaccine efficacy. We investigated the immunological differences between two types of vaccines—spike protein from the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus and inactivated influenza virus vaccine, in combination with a single-stranded RNA adjuvant—administered through various routes (intramuscular, intradermal, and intranasal) to BALB/c mice. Intramuscular immunization with the RNA adjuvant-formulated spike protein elicited the highest humoral immune response, characterized by IgG1 and neutralizing antibody production. Although intranasal immunization did not elicit a humoral response, it showed extensive T-cell activation through large-scale induction of interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-secreting cells, as well as CD4+ T-cell activation in mouse splenocytes. Moreover, only intranasal immunization induced IgA production. When immunized with the inactivated influenza vaccine, administration of the RNA adjuvant via all routes led to protection after viral challenge, regardless of the presence of a vaccine-specific antibody. Therefore, the inoculation route should depend on the type of immune response needed; i.e., the intramuscular route is suitable for eliciting a humoral immune response, whereas the intranasal route is useful for T-cell activation and IgA induction. MDPI 2020-05-10 /pmc/articles/PMC7284860/ /pubmed/32397649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050441 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Hye-Jung Kwak, Hye Won Kang, Kyung Won Bang, Yoo-Jin Lee, Yu-Sun Park, Hyeong-Jun Kim, Jae-Yong Park, Hyo-Jung Hwang, Kyung-Ah Lee, Sang-Myeong Nam, Jae-Hwan MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
title | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
title_full | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
title_fullStr | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
title_short | MERS-CoV Spike Protein Vaccine and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Formulated with Single Strand RNA Adjuvant Induce T-Cell Activation through Intranasal Immunization in Mice |
title_sort | mers-cov spike protein vaccine and inactivated influenza vaccine formulated with single strand rna adjuvant induce t-cell activation through intranasal immunization in mice |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7284860/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32397649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12050441 |
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