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Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism

In mammals, brain function, particularly neuronal activity, has high energy needs. When glucose is supplemented by alternative oxidative substrates under different physiological conditions, these fuels do not fully replace the functions fulfilled by glucose. Thus, it is of major importance that the...

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Autores principales: Pifferi, Fabien, Cunnane, Stephen C., Guesnet, Philippe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408634
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051382
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author Pifferi, Fabien
Cunnane, Stephen C.
Guesnet, Philippe
author_facet Pifferi, Fabien
Cunnane, Stephen C.
Guesnet, Philippe
author_sort Pifferi, Fabien
collection PubMed
description In mammals, brain function, particularly neuronal activity, has high energy needs. When glucose is supplemented by alternative oxidative substrates under different physiological conditions, these fuels do not fully replace the functions fulfilled by glucose. Thus, it is of major importance that the brain is almost continuously supplied with glucose from the circulation. Numerous studies describe the decrease in brain glucose metabolism during healthy or pathological ageing, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause such impairment. Although it appears difficult to determine the exact role of brain glucose hypometabolism during healthy ageing or during age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, uninterrupted glucose supply to the brain is still of major importance for proper brain function. Interestingly, a body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might play significant roles in brain glucose regulation. Thus, the goal of the present review is to summarize this evidence and address the role of n-3 PUFAs in brain energy metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that ensuring an adequate dietary supply of n-3 PUFAs could constitute an essential aspect of a promising strategy to promote optimal brain function during both healthy and pathological ageing.
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spelling pubmed-72850252020-06-17 Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism Pifferi, Fabien Cunnane, Stephen C. Guesnet, Philippe Nutrients Review In mammals, brain function, particularly neuronal activity, has high energy needs. When glucose is supplemented by alternative oxidative substrates under different physiological conditions, these fuels do not fully replace the functions fulfilled by glucose. Thus, it is of major importance that the brain is almost continuously supplied with glucose from the circulation. Numerous studies describe the decrease in brain glucose metabolism during healthy or pathological ageing, but little is known about the mechanisms that cause such impairment. Although it appears difficult to determine the exact role of brain glucose hypometabolism during healthy ageing or during age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, uninterrupted glucose supply to the brain is still of major importance for proper brain function. Interestingly, a body of evidence suggests that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might play significant roles in brain glucose regulation. Thus, the goal of the present review is to summarize this evidence and address the role of n-3 PUFAs in brain energy metabolism. Taken together, these data suggest that ensuring an adequate dietary supply of n-3 PUFAs could constitute an essential aspect of a promising strategy to promote optimal brain function during both healthy and pathological ageing. MDPI 2020-05-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7285025/ /pubmed/32408634 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051382 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Pifferi, Fabien
Cunnane, Stephen C.
Guesnet, Philippe
Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism
title Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism
title_full Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism
title_fullStr Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism
title_full_unstemmed Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism
title_short Evidence of the Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Glucose Metabolism
title_sort evidence of the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain glucose metabolism
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285025/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32408634
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051382
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