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The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285270/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32375357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051052 |
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author | Vintila, Ionut Sebastian Iovu, Horia Alcea, Andreea Cucuruz, Andreia Mandoc, Andrei Cristian Vasile, Bogdan Stefan |
author_facet | Vintila, Ionut Sebastian Iovu, Horia Alcea, Andreea Cucuruz, Andreia Mandoc, Andrei Cristian Vasile, Bogdan Stefan |
author_sort | Vintila, Ionut Sebastian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare the influences of their integration into the neat epoxy matrix. The self-healing systems were first synthesized according to a literature review, and subsequently, an optimization process was conducted for the fabrication process. Neat epoxy specimens were fabricated as reference specimens and subjected to flexural tests. Several integration methods for incorporating the self-healing systems into the epoxy resin were investigated. The optimal method presenting the best dispersion of the healing system was achieved by reducing the viscosity of the epoxy matrix with 10 vol % acetone solution, the addition of a microcapsule in the matrix, and homogenization at 60 °C at 100 rpm. Thermal analysis was performed in order to observe the mass loss obtained with an increasing temperature and phase changes for both poly-urea-formaldehyde (PUF)-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF)-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) systems. The thermogravimetric analysis performed for the PUF-DCPD system indicates a total loss of mass in the range of 30–500 °C of 72.604% and for the MUF-ENB system, indicates a total mass loss in the range of 30–500 °C of 74.093%. Three-point bending tests showed higher mechanical properties for PUF-DCPD (80%) than MUF-ENB (40%) compared to the neat epoxy systems. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain a better understanding of the microcapsule behavior when embedded in an epoxy matrix. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7285270 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-72852702020-06-17 The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems Vintila, Ionut Sebastian Iovu, Horia Alcea, Andreea Cucuruz, Andreia Mandoc, Andrei Cristian Vasile, Bogdan Stefan Polymers (Basel) Article The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare the influences of their integration into the neat epoxy matrix. The self-healing systems were first synthesized according to a literature review, and subsequently, an optimization process was conducted for the fabrication process. Neat epoxy specimens were fabricated as reference specimens and subjected to flexural tests. Several integration methods for incorporating the self-healing systems into the epoxy resin were investigated. The optimal method presenting the best dispersion of the healing system was achieved by reducing the viscosity of the epoxy matrix with 10 vol % acetone solution, the addition of a microcapsule in the matrix, and homogenization at 60 °C at 100 rpm. Thermal analysis was performed in order to observe the mass loss obtained with an increasing temperature and phase changes for both poly-urea-formaldehyde (PUF)-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF)-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) systems. The thermogravimetric analysis performed for the PUF-DCPD system indicates a total loss of mass in the range of 30–500 °C of 72.604% and for the MUF-ENB system, indicates a total mass loss in the range of 30–500 °C of 74.093%. Three-point bending tests showed higher mechanical properties for PUF-DCPD (80%) than MUF-ENB (40%) compared to the neat epoxy systems. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain a better understanding of the microcapsule behavior when embedded in an epoxy matrix. MDPI 2020-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7285270/ /pubmed/32375357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051052 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Vintila, Ionut Sebastian Iovu, Horia Alcea, Andreea Cucuruz, Andreia Mandoc, Andrei Cristian Vasile, Bogdan Stefan The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
title | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
title_full | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
title_fullStr | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
title_full_unstemmed | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
title_short | The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems |
title_sort | synthetization and analysis of dicyclopentadiene and ethylidene-norbornene microcapsule systems |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285270/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32375357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051052 |
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