Cargando…

The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems

The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vintila, Ionut Sebastian, Iovu, Horia, Alcea, Andreea, Cucuruz, Andreia, Mandoc, Andrei Cristian, Vasile, Bogdan Stefan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285270/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32375357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051052
_version_ 1783544661291302912
author Vintila, Ionut Sebastian
Iovu, Horia
Alcea, Andreea
Cucuruz, Andreia
Mandoc, Andrei Cristian
Vasile, Bogdan Stefan
author_facet Vintila, Ionut Sebastian
Iovu, Horia
Alcea, Andreea
Cucuruz, Andreia
Mandoc, Andrei Cristian
Vasile, Bogdan Stefan
author_sort Vintila, Ionut Sebastian
collection PubMed
description The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare the influences of their integration into the neat epoxy matrix. The self-healing systems were first synthesized according to a literature review, and subsequently, an optimization process was conducted for the fabrication process. Neat epoxy specimens were fabricated as reference specimens and subjected to flexural tests. Several integration methods for incorporating the self-healing systems into the epoxy resin were investigated. The optimal method presenting the best dispersion of the healing system was achieved by reducing the viscosity of the epoxy matrix with 10 vol % acetone solution, the addition of a microcapsule in the matrix, and homogenization at 60 °C at 100 rpm. Thermal analysis was performed in order to observe the mass loss obtained with an increasing temperature and phase changes for both poly-urea-formaldehyde (PUF)-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF)-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) systems. The thermogravimetric analysis performed for the PUF-DCPD system indicates a total loss of mass in the range of 30–500 °C of 72.604% and for the MUF-ENB system, indicates a total mass loss in the range of 30–500 °C of 74.093%. Three-point bending tests showed higher mechanical properties for PUF-DCPD (80%) than MUF-ENB (40%) compared to the neat epoxy systems. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain a better understanding of the microcapsule behavior when embedded in an epoxy matrix.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7285270
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-72852702020-06-17 The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems Vintila, Ionut Sebastian Iovu, Horia Alcea, Andreea Cucuruz, Andreia Mandoc, Andrei Cristian Vasile, Bogdan Stefan Polymers (Basel) Article The activities of this paper were focused on an in-situ fabrication process for producing two self-healing systems containing dicyclopentadiene and 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene monomers encapsulated in a urea-formaldehyde shell and integration methods applied in the epoxy matrix to analyse and compare the influences of their integration into the neat epoxy matrix. The self-healing systems were first synthesized according to a literature review, and subsequently, an optimization process was conducted for the fabrication process. Neat epoxy specimens were fabricated as reference specimens and subjected to flexural tests. Several integration methods for incorporating the self-healing systems into the epoxy resin were investigated. The optimal method presenting the best dispersion of the healing system was achieved by reducing the viscosity of the epoxy matrix with 10 vol % acetone solution, the addition of a microcapsule in the matrix, and homogenization at 60 °C at 100 rpm. Thermal analysis was performed in order to observe the mass loss obtained with an increasing temperature and phase changes for both poly-urea-formaldehyde (PUF)-dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF)-5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) systems. The thermogravimetric analysis performed for the PUF-DCPD system indicates a total loss of mass in the range of 30–500 °C of 72.604% and for the MUF-ENB system, indicates a total mass loss in the range of 30–500 °C of 74.093%. Three-point bending tests showed higher mechanical properties for PUF-DCPD (80%) than MUF-ENB (40%) compared to the neat epoxy systems. Numerical simulations were performed to obtain a better understanding of the microcapsule behavior when embedded in an epoxy matrix. MDPI 2020-05-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7285270/ /pubmed/32375357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051052 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Vintila, Ionut Sebastian
Iovu, Horia
Alcea, Andreea
Cucuruz, Andreia
Mandoc, Andrei Cristian
Vasile, Bogdan Stefan
The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
title The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
title_full The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
title_fullStr The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
title_full_unstemmed The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
title_short The Synthetization and Analysis of Dicyclopentadiene and Ethylidene-Norbornene Microcapsule Systems
title_sort synthetization and analysis of dicyclopentadiene and ethylidene-norbornene microcapsule systems
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7285270/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32375357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051052
work_keys_str_mv AT vintilaionutsebastian thesynthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT iovuhoria thesynthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT alceaandreea thesynthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT cucuruzandreia thesynthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT mandocandreicristian thesynthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT vasilebogdanstefan thesynthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT vintilaionutsebastian synthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT iovuhoria synthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT alceaandreea synthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT cucuruzandreia synthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT mandocandreicristian synthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems
AT vasilebogdanstefan synthetizationandanalysisofdicyclopentadieneandethylidenenorbornenemicrocapsulesystems